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Landscape  Architecture 

A  COMPREHENSIVE  CLASSIFICATION  SCHEME 

FOR  BOOKS,  PLANS,  PHOTOGRAPHS,  NOTES 

AND  OTHER  COLLECTED  MATERIAL 


WITH  COMBINED 

ALPHABETIC  TOPIC  INDEX  AND  LIST 

OF  SUBJECT  HEADINGS 


BY 

HENRY  VINCENT  HUBBARD 


AND 

THEODORA  KIMBALL 


CAMBRIDGE 

HARVARD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

1920 


Landscape  Architecture 

A  comprehexsivp:  classification  scheme 

FOR  BOOKS,  PLANS.  PHOTOGR.\PHS,  NOTES 
AND  OTHER  COLLECTED  MATERIAL 


WITH  COM  BIS  ED 

ALPHABETIC  TOPIC  ISDEX  ASD  LIST 

OF  SUBJECT  HEADIXGS 


BY 

HENRY  VINCENT  HUBBARD 


AND 

THEODORA  KIMBALL 


CAMBRIDGE 

HAR\  .VRD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

1920 


COPYRIGHT,  1920 
BY  HAHVABD  TJNIVERSITY  PKESS 


3 


c^, 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Preface  and  Guide  to  the  Use  of  the  Classification  5 

Definition  of  the  Field  of  Landscape  Architecture    ...  5 

Usefulness  of  the  Classification 5 

Practical  Application  of  the  Classification  to  Arrange- 
ment of  Existing  Material G 

This   Classification   in   relation   to   other   Classification 

Schemes 7 

Preliminary  Landscape  Architecture  Scheme     ...  7 

City  Planning  Classification      7 

Library  of  Congress  Classification 8 

Adaptations  to  other  Systems  of  Cla.ssification     .    .  9 

Organization  of  this  Classification 9 

Headings 9 

Num,bering 10 

Indentation 11 

Explanatory  Notes 11 

Cross-references 12 

Summary  Outline 12 

Geographical  Table 12 

The  Index  and  List  of  Subject  Headings 13 

Acknowledgments 13 

Summary  Outline 15 

Classification  Scheme 21 

Geographical  Table 91 

General 91 

Estates  and  Gardens 93 

Alphabetic  List  of  Subject  Headings  and  Index  to  the 

Classification  Scheme 97 

Introductory  Note 97 

List  and  Index 99 


t^oC^di 


PREFACE 

AND  GUIDE  TO  THE  USE  OF  THE  CLASSIFICATION 


DEFINITION   OF   THE    FIELD    OF    LANDSCAPE    ARCHITECTURE 

"  Landscape  Architecture  is  the  art  of  fitting  land  for 
human  use  and  enjoyment. 

"  The  Landscape  Architect  designs  and  advises  regarding 
the  arrangement,  and  directs  the  develojiment,  of  land  and 
th(>  ()l)j(H't8  upon  it  in  connection  with  private  grounds  and 
gartlens,  institutions,  public  parks,  playgrounds  and  squares, 
cemeteries,  streets  and  parkways,  residential  communities, 
and  problems  of  city  and  regional  planning."  ' 

USEFULNESS    OF   THE    CLASSIFICATION 

This  is  the  first  comprehensive  classification  of  the  field 
of  Landscape  Architecture.  It  attempts  to  show  in  detail 
both  the  subjects  making  up  the  field,  as  far  as  possible  in 
their  logical  relations  and  as  regarded  from  various  points  of 
view,  and  also  the  relation  of  the  field  itself  to  tangent  fields.  ^ 
The  profession  of  Landscape  Architecture  is  now  so  well 
established,  with  a  background  of  accomplishment,  and  pub- 
lic familiarity  with  the  subject  and  with  its  literature  is  now 
so  general,  that  a  classification  can  be  produced  with  the 
reasonable  certainty  that  its  main  divisions  will  remain  per- 
manently useful,  and  that  future  developments  of  the  sub- 
ject can  find  logical  places  within  the  present  outline,  with 
changes,  if  at  all,  only  in  some  of  the  minor  headings.  This 
classification  has  been  worked  out  primarily  for  use  with  the 
extensive  collections  of  the  Harvard  School  of  Landscape 
.Architecture  Library,  and  has  proved  increasingly  satis- 
factory through  eight  years  of  development  and  adaptation. 

The  Classification  Scheme  should  prove  useful  to  libra- 
ries, tO' offices  of  practitioners,  and  to  students,  who  need  an 
organized  scheme  under  which  to  file  and  record  the  data 

'  From  Official  Statement  of  Professional  Practice,  American  Society  of 
Landscape  Architects,  Adopted  September,  1919. 


PREFACE 

they  are  collecting,  and  a  logical  analysis  of  the  subject 
showing  as  a  whole  the  ground  which  their  education  may 
eventually  cover. 

PRACTICAL  APPLICATION  OP  THE  CLASSIFICATION  TO  EXISTING 
MATERIAL 

In  collections  relating  to  landscape  architecture  the  fol- 
lowing forms  of  material  are  useful  for  reference :  published 
Uterature,  including  books,  pamphlets,  reports,  periodical 
articles,  and  clippings ;  graphic  material,  published  or  in  orig- 
inal form,  including  maps,  plans,  drawings,  photographs, 
plates,  postcards  and  miscellaneous  pictorial  matter;  manu- 
script material,  including  notes  and  bibliographical  refer- 
ences. In  order  that  one  outhne  of  the  subject  shall  cover 
material  in  such  various  forms,  clearly  certain  sections  must 
provide  more  particularly  for  books  or  pamphlets,  and  cer- 
tain other  sections  more  particularly  for  pictorial  material. 
The  several  parts  of  this  classification  scheme  are  therefore 
developed  according  to  the  amount  and  form  of  material 
to  be  classified  under  each. 

The  classification  scheme  has  been  developed  also  to  pro- 
vide alternative  places  to  classify  material  when  considered 
from  various  points  of  view  or  with  certain  special  uses  in 
mind.  For  example,  photographs  of  walls,  fences,  hedges, 
and  shrub  borders  enclosing  gardens  might  be  classified 
respectively  in  the  places  provided  for  them  as  physical 
objects;  i.e.,  under  Structures,  3300 +,  and  under  Plan- 
tations, 1827,  etc.,  2424;  or  again  they  might  be  grouped 
in  4327,  being  considered  as  boundaries  of  a  garden.  And 
a  selection  of  a  dozen  photographs  of  various  subjects,  each 
classifiable  elsewhere,  might  be  brought  together  in  1174,  as 
examples  of  landscape  composition.  In  the  design  collec- 
tion of  photographs  at  the  Harvard  School  of  Landscape 
Architecture  Library,  it  has  been  found  desirable  to  classify 
the  bulk  of  photographs  according  to  their  actual  object 
classification,  but  to  select  groups  of  photographs  suggestive 
in  designing  for  classification  under  Landscape  Composition, 
Garden  Design,  etc. 

There  are  similar  possibihties  for  arranging  manuscript 
notes  from  various  points  of  view,  with  cross-references  as 
6 


PREFACE 

necessary.  In  fact,  for  the  student,  the  classification  scheme 
has  unusual  value  for  the  fiUng  of  notes;  and  an  up-to-date 
alphabetic  index  to  the  notes  may  be  maintained  in  the 
printed  index  to  the  classification  scheme  bj-  making  a 
check  mark  against  the  topics  used. 

THIS  CLASSIFICATION  IN  RELATION  TO  OTHER  CLASSIFICATION 

SCHEMES 

Preliminary  Landscape  Architecture  Scheme 

In  the  January  1913  issue  of  the  quarterly  Landscape 
Architecture,  the  authors  of  this  comprehensive  Landscape 
Architecture  Classification  pubhshed  a  "  Scheme  for  the 
Classification  of  Reference  Material  in  a  Landscape  Archi- 
tect's Office,"  based  on  the  fuller  scheme  in  preparation. 
The  differences  between  that  short  scheme  and  the  summary 
outUne  of  the  present  classification  are  the  outcome  of  ex- 
perience in  classifying  large  quantities  of  material  since  the 
earlier  publication. 

City  Planning  Classification 

While  this  Landscape  Architecture  Classification  is  a 
reasonably  complete  and  independent  scheme  within  itself, 
it  is  nevertheless  planned  definitely  to  interlock  with  the 
City  Planning  Classification  already  published.'  In  an 
office  or  library  collecting  material  extensively  on  the  pubUc 
problems  of  the  landscape  architect,  the  two  schemes  should 
be  used  together,  as  they  are  at  the  Harvard  School  of  Land- 
scape Architecture  Librarj',  where  they  have  been  developed 
and  applied  simultaneously.  Fulfilling  the  promise  made  in 
the  preface  to  the  City  Planning  Scheme,  in  this  Landscape 
Architecture  Scheme  numerous  cross-references  to  the  Citj- 
Planning  numbers  have  been  made,  with  an  indication  of 
what  has  proved  the  more  convenient  place  to  classify  ma- 
terial covered  by  both  schemes. 

'  City  Planning:  A  Comprehensive  Analysis  of  the  Subject,  arranged  for 
the  classification  of  Books,  Plans,  Photographs,  Notes,  and  other  collected 
material;  with  .'Vlphabetic  Subject  Index;  by  James  Sturgis  Pray,  Chairman, 
School  of  Landscape  Architecture,  Harvard  University,  and  Theodora  Kim- 
ball, Librarian,  School  of  Landscape  Architecture,  Harvard  University. 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  Harvard  University  Press,  1913.  103  pages.  Paper. 
Price,  $1.00  postpaid. 


PREFACE 

Library  of  Congress  Classification 

In  the  Preface  to  the  City  Planning  Classification  (pp.  9 
and  10)  will  be  found  a  full  explanation  of  the  selection  of 
the  Library  of  Congress  Classification  principle  as  the  basis 
for  both  Landscape  Architecture  and  City  Planning  Schemes. 
To  quote:  "It  is  comprehensive,  generally  known  through 
the  wide  circulation  of  printed  catalogue  cards  numbered 
according  to  it,  and  adapted  in  principle  to  serve  as  a  basis 
for  the  arrangement  of  the  special  field  of  the  Library.  This 
principle  is  a  combination  of  logical  subdivision  with  con- 
venient sequence,  allowing  a  maximum  of  elasticity  in  de- 
velopment. Its  simple  sequential  system  of  numbering  was 
found  easy  to  use  in  the  Library,  and  convenient  of  applica- 
tion to  the  outhne  of  the  subject  without  forcing.  In  cor- 
respondence with  Mr.  Charles  Martel,  then  Chief  Classifier 
of  the  Library  of  Congress  (now  Chief  of  the  Catalogue 
Division)  a  place  was  assigned  the  subject  in  the  general 
Library  of  Congress  scheme  (in  which  no  adequate  provision 
for  Landscape  Architecture  or  City  Planning  existed)  in 
Class  N,  Fine  Arts.  Landscape  Architecture  and  City 
Planning  were  erected  as  independent  sub-classes  co- 
ordinate with  and  immediately  following  Architecture,  num- 
bered NA.  As  the  sub-class  designation  NB  was  already  in 
use,  it  was  necessary  to  use  a  three-letter  combination  which 
would  assume  Architecture  to  be  NA(A),  Landscape  Archi- 
tecture NAB,  and  City  Planning  NAC.  Although  City 
Planning  is  not  primarily  a  fine  art  its  fundamental  esthetic 
aspect  and  its  close  connection  with  the  practice  of  Land- 
scape Architecture  and  Architecture  were  considered  to 
justify  its  position  in  class  N." 

A  library  using  other  portions  of  the  Library  of  Congress 
Classification  may  wish  to  make  use  of  the  cross-references 
to  them  inserted  in  the  Landscape  Architecture  Scheme  (as, 
for  instance,  to  SB  and  SD,  Horticulture  and  Forestry,  TE, 
Roads,  etc.);  but  the  ordinary  professional  office  should  not 
find  this  necessary,  and  should  be  able  to  group  its  material 
conveniently  under  the  numbers  afforded  by  the  Landscape 
Architecture  and  City  Planning  Schemes. 


PREFACE 

Adaptations  to  other  Systems  of  Classification. 

The  outline  of  the  subject  of  Landscape  Architecture  as 
given  in  this  classification  can  be  used  in  connection  with 
other  systems  of  classification  in  general  use.  For  instance, 
for  the  meager  section  beginning  710  in  the  Dewey  Decimal 
Classification,  the  following  outline  might  be  substituted:  ' 
.01-.08  Bibliography  through  Museimis,  .11-.  17  Collected 
Works  through  General  Special  (or  these  form  headings 
could  be  rearranged  to  conform  with  general  decimal  classi- 
fication practice);  .2  Landscape  improvement  movement; 
.3  Legislation;  A  Study  and  teaching;  .5  Theory  of  landscape 
design;  .6  Methods  of  technical  procedure;  .7  Elements  and 
materials  of  landscape  and  landscape  design;  .8  Types  of  land- 
scape designs,  according  to  itse;  .9  Geographical  arrangement. 
Subheads  could  be  adjusted  and  similarly  numbered  in  deci- 
mal fashion. 

ORGANIZATION    OF   THIS    CLASSIFICATION  - 

Headings 

The  first  series  of  main  headings  (see  the  Summary  Out- 
Une)  through  300,  General  special,  have  been  selected  from 
those  in  general  use  by  the  Library  of  Congress.  They  might 
be  tenned  "  form  headings,"  since  they  refer  particularly 
to  the  form  in  which  the  material  appears,  e.g.,  a  Periodical, 
a  Dictionary,  The  phrase  "  General  special  "  is  used  as  a 
heading  for  material,  which,  though  general,  is  not  com- 
prehensive but  deals  with  some  special  phase  of  the  general 
topic,  e.g.,  under  the  general  subject  Landscape  .Architec- 
ture, the  topic  305,  Purpose  and  utility,  appears  under  Gen- 
eral special.  This  heading  has  been  used  consistently 
throughout  this  scheme,  sometimes  with  subheads,  but  often 
merely  with  a  gap  in  the  numbering  to  permit  the  insertion 
of  future  subheads  if  desired. 

The  second  series  of  headings  beginning  with  500,  Land- 
scape improvement  movement,  constitutes  a  sj'stematic 
subdivision  of  the  field,  adjusted  to  the  demands  of  classi- 

'  Cf.  the  suggestion  for  use  of  the  City  Planning  Classification  with  the 
Decimal  System  (Preface,  p.  11). 

-'  Since  the  organization  of  this  scheme  and  of  the  City  Planning  scheme  are 
on  the  same  principle,  much  of  the  following  explanation  has  been  taken  from 
that  given  in  the  Preface  to  the  City  Planning  Classification. 


PREFACE 

fying  kinds  of  material  which,  as  physical  objects,  can  stand 
in  the  files  only  in  one  place.  As  has  been  stated  earlier  in 
this  preface,  certain  headings  apply  more  to  literature  and 
certain  others  more  to  pictorial  matter.  Use  of  the  topics 
will  soon  reveal  this  distinction.  Certain  subheads  have 
been  provided  uniformly  under  many  analogous  headings; 
beyond  this,  an  exact  uniformity  of  phrase  under  all  sub- 
heads has  not  been  sought:  it  has  seemed  better  to  use 
whatever  phrases  were  most  expressive  in  the  given  instance. 
However,  as  far  as  possible,  corresponding  parts  of  the 
outline  itself  have  been  constructed  as  uniformly  as  possible, 
to  offer  mnemonic  advantage,  as  for  instance,  under  Plants 
(see  explanation  on  p.  39). 

In  order  to  present  the  subject  clearly,  each  major  sub- 
division of  the  outUne  is  developed  to  a  certain  proportion, 
even  if  the  subheads  are  given  only  as  cross-references,  e.g., 
Landscape  construction  and  maintenance,  1400 +  .  In 
minor  cases,  however,  only  typical  topics  have  been  given 
under  a  heading,  often  in  order  to  make  clear  the  kind  of 
material  which  should  be  classified  there.  These  type  sub- 
heads have  been  generally  chosen  because  they  represented 
actual  existing  material.  Gaps  have  been  left  in  the  num- 
bering for  the  insertion  of  other  similar  subheads. 

In  arranging  a  series  of  subheads,  a  coherent  sequence  has 
been  preferred  to  an  alphabetic  arrangement,  on  account  of 
the  advantage  gained  for  pictorial  material,  e.g.,  Pleasure 
buildings  and  other  pleasure  structures,  3150 -|-.  In  general, 
the  sequence  of  the  actual  material  as  arranged  by  this 
scheme  has  been  carefully  considered. 

Numbering. 

The  numbering  system  is  that  employed  by  the  Library 
of  Congress,  a  sequence  of  simple  cardinal  numbers,  with 
gaps  left  between  the  numbers  assigned  the  topics  given,  in 
order  to  allow  for  the  insertion  of  new  topics.  Further  ex- 
pansion may  be  provided  for  by  the  use  of  decimals,  as  in 
section  1850  +  of  this  scheme.  In  addition  to  the  expansion 
of  the  scheme  by  decimals,  numbers  for  new  subheads  may 
be  added  on  the  decimal  principle  as  follows:  —  g,  geo- 
graphic, g5-gl84:  (see  p.  91) ;  ni,  material,  ml-TO9  (see  p.  57) ; 
10 


PREFACE 

c,  exact  cross-subordination,  for  any  series  of  existing  topics 
in  the  scheme  useful  as  subdivisions  under  another  topic, 
e.g.,  Planting  in  relation  to  steps,  1840c3375.  The  letter  is 
used  instead  of  a  decimal  point. 

The  numbering  of  the  Scheme  was  done  loosely,  since  the 
subject  was  growing  so  rapidly,  and  might  develop  at  an 
unexpected  point  or  in  an  unexpected  way.  Several  hun- 
dred numbers  have  been  left  open  to  provide  for  such  emer- 
gencies. Sections  of  the  scheme  now  numbered  closely 
represent  subjects  which  have  developed  during  the  eight 
years  in  which  this  scheme  has  been  in  preparation. 

In  classifying  material  in  a  library  using  the  Library  of 
Congress  Classification,  the  numbers  of  the  outhne  would  be 
preceded  by  NAB,  the  general  class  designation  for  Land- 
scape .Architecture.  For  a  collection  wholly  on  landscape 
architecture  and  using  only  this  scheme,  N.\B  need  not  be 
used,  since  the  numerical  designation  is  sufficient.  In  a  col- 
lection using  the  City  Planning  Scheme  (NAC)  and  this 
scheme  (NAB),  B  might  be  used  for  Landscape  Architecture 
and  C  for  City  Planning,  or  whatever  other  nuiemonic  de- 
vice seemed  preferable. 

Indentation 

It  has  not  been  possible  to  express  exact  coordination  and 
subordination  of  heads  and  subheads  by  the  indentation. 
Often  importance  or  bulk  of  material  has  pulled  a  logically 
subordinate  topic  into  a  more  important  place.  Further- 
more, indentation  by  exact  logical  arrangement  would  make 
many  of  the  headings  too  far  to  the  right  of  the  page  for 
convenient  printing;  and  the  insertion  of  headings  to  show 
theoretical  relations,  where  not  necessary  for  clearness, 
would  render  the  outline  clumsy  for  use  in  classifying 
material. 

Explanatory  Notes. 

Notes  have  been  given  throughout  the  scheme  explaining 
the  meaning  of  a  heading  and  what  material  should  be  classi- 
fied under  it,  wherever  the  authors  felt  that  these  points 
were  not  self-evident. 


11 


PREFACE 

Cross-references. 

Cross-references  have  been  freely  made  between  headings 
containing  related  material,  and  further  to  call  attention  to 
headings  under  which  the  same  material  might  be  arranged 
from  different  points  of  view.  In  making  these  cross- 
references,  where  there  has  been  no  doubt  as  to  the  connec- 
tion, the  number  referred  to  has  been  given  alone  without 
the  corresponding  heading.  In  doubtful  cases,  the  heading 
referred  to  has  been  given  in  addition  to  the  numerical  ref- 
erence. The  authors  did  not  feel  that  it  was  advisable  to  give 
referred-to  headings  except  in  doubtful  cases,  on  account  of 
the  great  increase  in  bulk  which  the  headings  for  the  very 
large  number  of  cross-references  would  have  caused.  In 
making  the  numerical  cross-reference  to  a  topic,  the  initial 
number  only  has  been  used,  followed  by  a  plus  sign  {e.g., 
Ig004-)  if  the  topic  occupies  more  than  one  number. 
Throughout  the  scheme  the  numbers  and  topics  given  in 
curves  followed  by  a  reference  to  some  other  number  show 
where  material  might  be  classified  if  desired  for  some  special 
purpose,  but  where  the  authors  do  not  think  it  as  well 
placed  from  a  general  point  of  view  as  under  the  number  re- 
ferred to.  The  Index  may  be  used  to  supplement  cross- 
references  in  the  text. 

Summary  Outline 

Besides  the  full  Classification  Scheme,  the  authors  in- 
clude a  Summary  Outline,  consisting  of  the  main  heads  and 
subheads.  This  Summary  shows  the  general  construction 
of  the  Scheme,  and  also  may  ser\'e  as  a  briefer  basis  for  ar- 
rangement of  material  for  a  small  collection.  The  topics 
given  in  the  Summary  Outline  are  printed  in  capitals  in  the 
full  scheme,  both  for  emphasis  and  to  facilitate  reference 
from  the  Summary  to  the  Scheme  itself,  and  these  topics  are 
starred  in  the  alphabetic  index. 

Geographical  Table 

The  Geographical  Table  given  with  this  Classification  is 
explained  in  a  note  on  p.  91.  It  is  accompanied  by  a  special 
table  for  use  in  classifying  local  material  on  Estates  and 
Gardens  (p.  93). 

12 


PREFACE 

The  Index  and  List  of  Subject  Headings 

A  full  index  to  the  classification  scheme  has  been  com- 
bined with  a  set  of  standard  subject  headings  to  be  used  for 
card  indexes  or  library  catalogues.  The  use  of  the  Index 
and  Subject  Headings  is  explained  in  the  Introductory  Note 
on  p.  97.  As  has  already  been  suggested,  the  index  may  be 
made  a  record  of  a  personal  collection  by  check  marks  against 
topics  on  which  material  has  been  assembled.  In  a  very 
small  collection,  assembled  in  a  vertical  file,  it  may  be  ad- 
visable to  use  only  an  alphabetic  arrangement  of  material, 
disregarding  the  classification  numbers,  and  using  the  sub- 
ject headings  as  a  standard  series  of  topics  for  filing. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The  authors  gratefully  acknowledge  constructive  sugges- 
tions received  from  niany  sources  both  in  the  earher  stages 
of  the  preparation  of  the  Landscape  Architecture  Classi- 
fication and  during  its  development  and  application,  especi- 
ally from  Mr.  Frederick  Law  Olmsted,  Professor  James 
Sturgis  Pray,  Professor  Fiske  Kimball,  Mr.  Fletcher  Steele, 
Mr.  Bremer  Whidden  Pond,  Mr.  Elbert  Peets,  Mr.  Charles 
^Nlartel  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  and  Mr.  Stephen  F. 
Hamblin  who  is  largely  responsible  for  the  Horticultural  sec- 
tion of  the  Scheme  (nmnbered  1850-1874).  Since,  however 
permanent  its  main  structure  may  be,  no  scheme  is  final  in 
detail,  the  authors  of  this  scheme  welcome  further  construc- 
tive criticisms  arising  from  the  testing  of  the  scheme  in  per- 
sonal collections,  special  libraries,  or  offices  of  practising 
landscape  architects. 

Henry  Vincent  Hubbard, 
Theodora  Kimball. 

Cambkidge,  Mass., 

December  30,  1919. 


Landscape  Architecture  Classification 

Summary  Outline 

Only  the  more  important  headings  are  given  here.    If  used  in 

connection  with  the  Library  of  Congress  Classification,  prefix 

NAB  to  numbers. 


(0) 

Bibliography. 

(1) 

Periodicals. 

(15) 

Yearbooks. 

(20) 

Societies. 

(40)   Congresses.     Coiifereuces. 

Conventions. 

(50) 

Exhibitions. 

(70) 

Museums. 

180 

Collected  Works. 

190 

Encyclopedias,  diet 

ionaries. 

,  etc. 

195 

Directories. 

200 

Biography. 

210 

History.     Historic 

styles  of  landscape  design. 

250    General  works. 

300         General  special,  including  name,  field,  jjrofessional 
opportunities,  etc. 

500     Landscape  improvement  movement. 
510        Organization. 
540        Education  of  public. 
560         Forms  of  improvement. 

700     Legislation.     Legal  aspects  of  landscape  architec- 
ture. 

900  Study  and  teaching. 

910        Subject  matter. 

930        Methods. 

960        Special  countries. 

980        Special  professional  schools. 

1000    Theory  of  l.andscape  design. 
(1005)       (Economic  theory)  See  4000 +,  Types  of  landscape 
designs,  according  to  use. 
15 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Theory  of  landscape  design  (continued). 

1010        Esthetic  theory  (General). 

1020  Taste.     Ideals.     Appreciation.     Criticism. 

1030  Style  in  landscape  design. 

1050  Landscape  character. 

1060  Landscape  effect. 

1100         Landscape  composition. 

1115  Fonns  of  order  in  composition. 

1130  Characteristics  of  objects,   and  circumstances 

modifying  their  appearance,  in  landscape 
composition 

1170  Landscape    compositions    and    their    composi- 

tional elements. 

1200     Methods    of    technical    procedure.      Profes- 
sional PRACTICE. 

1210  Professional  conduct  and  relations. 

1230  Organization  and  equipment  of  office. 

1240  Collection  of  data. 

1246  Office  procedure  in  design. 

1250  Presentation  of  design. 

1355  Superintendence  of  construction  and  maintenance. 

1400     Landscape  construction  and  maintenance. 

1500     Elements    and    materials    in    landscape    and 

landscape  design. 
1600         Ground  forms.    Natural  forms   of  ground,  rock, 

and  waters. 
1605  Design. 

1640  Geologic  origin  of  ground  forms. 

1650  Special  forms  and  units,  according  to  natural 

character. 
1800        Plants.     Vegetation. 
1805  Design.     Planting  design.     PlantationTj. 

1850  Planting  and  culture.     Horticulture. 

1875  Description.     Plants  as  materials  of  landscape 

design. 
(Special  forms  of  plants). 
2100  Trees. 

2400  Shrubs. 

lb 


CLASSIFICATION  —  SUMMARY  OUTLINE 

Elements  and  Materials  in  landscape  and  l-antd- 
SCAPE  DESIGN  (continued). 
Plants  (continued). 

2700  Herbaceous  plants. 

3000        Structures,  in  landscape. 

3005  Design. 

3040  Construction  and  maintenance. 

(Special  forms  of  structures). 

3050  Buildings  for  residence  and  other  major  uses. 

3100  Ser^dce  buildings  and  other  service  structures, 

including  farm  buildings,  service  yards, 
etc. 

3150  Pleasure  buildings  and  other  pleasure  struc- 

tures, including  pavilions,  arbors,  garden 
theaters,  stadiums,  tennis  courts,  etc. 

3225  Terraces,     embankments,     structural     shore 

treatment. 

3300  Walls,  fences,  gates,  steps,  etc. 

3400  Minor  accessory  structures. 

3405  Primarily,  for   service   purposes.      Service 

accessories. 

3425  Primarily    for    ornamental    and    pleasure 

purposes.     "  Garden  furniture." 

3490  Canals,  moats,  etc. 

3495  Dams. 

3500  Bridges. 

3550  Tunnels. 

3600  Roads,  paths,  etc. 

3700  Pipes,  conduits,  wires. 

v  3900  Types  of  landscape.  Landscape  characters. 
Natural  scenery.  "  Free  land- 
scape." 

3910         Tyi)es  according  to  dominant  ground  forms  and 
topography. 

3920         Types  according  to  dominant  vegetation. 

3930         TjTses  according  to  climate. 

3940        Types  according  to  effect  of  human  occupation  and 
activities. 

3975        Types  according  to  locaUty. 
17 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

•J  4000     Types  of  Landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples. 

4200         Gardens. 

4700        Frivate  estates. 

5100         Country  club  grounds. 

5150        Hotel  grounds,  country,  seashore,  etc. 

5180        Recreation  camps. 

5200        Hospital,  asylum,  sanatorium,  etc.,  grounds. 

5250         College,  university,  private  school  grounds. 

5300         Church  grounds. 

5400         Factory  grounds. 

5450  Railroad  grounds,  including  station  grounds  and 
rights  of  way. 

5500         Grounds  of  pubUc  buildings. 

5510  Capitol,  city-hall,  court-house  grounds,  etc. 

5530  Library  and  museum  grounds. 

5550  Public  school  grounds. 

5600         Exposition  grounds. 

5650         Fair  grounds,  state,  county,  and  other. 

5700         .\inusement  parks. 

5730  Open-air  concert  gardens.  Tea  gardens.  Outdoor 
restaurants. 

5750        Zoological  parks. 

5800        Botanical  gardens. 

5850        .\rboretums. 

5900        Cemeteries. 

6000  Public  and  semi-public  reservations,  parks,  play- 
grounds, and  other  outdoor  public  rec- 
reation facilities. 

6100  Reservations. 

6125  Forest  and  water-supply  reservations. 

6200  Scenic  reservations. 

6240  Places  containing  special  natural  features  and 

features  of  historic  interest. 

6250  Reservations  for  preservation  of  animal  and 

bird  hfe,  and  plant  life. 

6260  Reservations  for  defence. 

6300  Large  parks,  including  large  landscape  parks. 

Small  parks.    Neighborhood  parks.    Commons, 
etc. 

18 


6400 


CLASSIFICATION  —  SUMMARY  OUTLINE 

Types  of  Landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  {continued). 
PubUc  and  semi-public  reservations,  etc.  {contin'd). 
6500  Playgrounds,  athletic  fields,  and  provisions  for 

special  sports. 
6600  Water  parks.     Recreational  waterfronts. 

6800  Parks  of  special  countries  and  cities,  including 

reports  of  park  commissions,  arranged 
geographically. 

7000  Landscape  designs  in  larger  public  problems 

OF  the  arrangement  of  land. 

7100  Land  subdivision,  for  residential  purposes. 

7500  Town  and  city  planning. 

8500  Regional  planning. 

8700  Rural  planning. 

8900  State  planning. 

9000  National  planning. 


Landscape  Architecture  Classification 

If  used  in  connection  with  Library  of  Congress  Classification, 
prefix  NAB  to  numbers. 

0    Bibliography. 

General  only.  Special  bibliographies  go  with  special  subjects. 
Cf.  Library  of  Congress  Cla-ss  Z  (Bibliography). 

Periodicals. 

Subdivided  by  language.  Only  general  periodicals  to  be  classi- 
fied here;  e.g.,  periodicals  relating  to  Parks  go  in  6002.  See 
Index  under  Periodicals. 

(1)  (General.) 

2  American  and  English. 

4  French. 

5  German. 

14  Other. 

15  Yearbooks. 

Societies. 

Proceedings,  sets  of  publications.  For  works  on  formation  of 
landscape  improvement  societies,  their  activities,  etc.,  see  513. 


(20) 

(General.) 

21 

International. 

22 

United  States. 

23 

Latin  America.    South  America,  Central  America, 

Mexico. 

25 

British  Empire. 

28 

France  and  Belgium. 

29 

Germany,  Austria. 

31 

Hungary,  Bohemia. 

32 

Italy. 

33 

Scandinavia,  Holland. 

35 

Spain  and  Portugal. 

36 

Switzerland. 

39 

Other. 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Congresses.     Conferences.     Conventions. 

Proceedings,  etc. 

(40)       (General.) 
42        Permanent. 

Arranged  alphabetically  by  name  of  congress. 
40         Occasional. 

Arranged  chronologically. 

Exhibitions. 

Exhibitions  in  connection  with  Congresses  go  here,  but  with 
cross-reference  from  Congresses.    Cf.  546,  940. 

(50)       (General.) 
52         International. 

Local. 
55  United  States. 

60  Europe 

65  Other. 

Museums. 
(70)       (General.) 

Local. 
75  United  States. 

80  Europe. 

85  Other. 

Collected  works.     General  series. 
180        Several  authors. 
185         Individual  authors. 

190    Encyclopaedias,  dictionaries,  glossaries,  lists  of 
terms,  etc. 

195     Directories. 

Biography. 
200  Collective. 
205        Individual.     A-Z. 

History.    Historic  styles  of  landscape  design. 

Cf.  (4280),  (4477),  4701  +  .  Only  the  more  clear-cut  styles, 
and  those  on  which  literature  has  appeared,  have  been  chosen 
for  mention  here.  Other  minor  styles  may  be  fitted  into  the 
outline,  if  desired. 

If  it  is  desired  to  distinguish  between  a  style  in  the  country 
of  its  origin  and  its  influence  or  development  in  other  coun- 
tries, the  letter  o  may  be  added  to  the  subdivision  number, 
e.  g.,  236a,  Style  of  Le  Notre  abroad. 

22 


CLASSIFICATION 

History.    Historic  styles  of  landscape  design 
(continued) . 
210        General.     Comprehensive. 

Occidental. 
212  General. 

Ancient. 
215  General. 

217  Egyptian  and  Mesopotamian. 

219  Greek  and  Roman. 

224  Other. 
]\Iediaeval. 

225  General. 

226  Monastic.     Cloister  garths. 

227  Feudal.     Mediaeval  pleasancos. 

228  Communal. 

Cf.  NAC  22.i. 

Modern,  including  Renaissance. 

230  General. 

231  Mohammedan.     Moorish  in  Spain. 

Cf.  246. 

232  Italian  Renaissance.     Baroque. 

233  French  Renaissance. 

234  English  Renaissance.    Tudor.    Elizabethan. 

235  Dutch. 

236  Style  of  Le  Notre.     French  tJrand  Style. 

237  English  "  Landscape  School." 

238  French  informal. 

As  developed  in  France  subsequent  to  the  vonuc  of  the 
English  "  Landscape  School."    Cf.  237a. 

239  American  landscape  style,   1850-.     Style  of 

the  elder  Olmsted  and  its  influence. 

240  German  formal.     1897-.' 

242  Other. 
Oriental. 

243  General. 

244  Chinese. 

245  Japanese. 

246  Persian. 

1  1897  is  date  of  the  Hamburg  Gartenbau-.Vusstellunjj.  where  Liohtwark's 
formal  plan  was  notable.    (Gothein.) 

23 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

History.    Historic  styles  of  landscape  design 
(continued) . 
Oriental  (continued). 

247  Indian.     Moghul. 

248  •     Other. 

249  By  country. 

Use   Geographical   Table,    with   g;     e.g.,  249(787,    England; 
249fir6  American  Colonial.    Cf.  4701  +.    See  note  on  p.  91. 

General  works. 

250  Comprehensive  treatises. 

254        OutUnes,  syllabi,  charts,  diagrams,  etc. 

Including  classification  schemes. 

258        Pocket-books,  tables,  etc. 
260        Partial  works. 

Treating  two  or  more  subdivisions  of  the  general  subject. 

Essays,  addresses,  lectures. 

Cf .  542.  Text,  programs,  announcements  of  addresses  and 
lectures  (other  than  from  the  landscape  improvement 
I)oint  of  view)  go  here. 

265  Collective. 

Miscell; 


270  Single. 

When  general;   specific  go  with  subject. 

(280)       General  collections  of  material  in  special  forms. 
"  Libraries." 

Classify  here  only  material  which  it  is  desired  to  keep  to- 
gether as  a  collection  rather  than  to  distribute  by  subject. 

282  Atlases  and  general  collections  of  plans. 

284  Portfolios  and  general  collections  of  paintings, 

drawings,  sketches,  etc. 
286  Albums  and  general  collections  of  photographs, 

prints,  plates,  postcards,  etc. 
288  General  collections  of  lantern  slides. 

290  General  collections  of  clippings,  excerpts,  etc. 

292  General  collections  of  manuscripts,  notes,  etc. 

294  General  collections  of  books  and  pamphlets. 

Chosen  as  typical;    e.  g.,  "  ten  books  on  landscape  archi- 
tecture for  an  office  library." 

300     General  special. 

302        Name.     Definition.     Use  of  terms. 

Landscape     architecture,     landscape     gardening,     landscape 
design,  etc. 

24 


CLASSIFICATION 

General  special  (continued). 
305        Purpose  and  utility. 

Landscape  design  as  promoting  outdoor  life,  health,  efficiency, 
pleasure,  etc. 

310        Field,  scope.    Relation  to  other  arts,  sciences  and 
professions. 
Landscape  architecture  as  an  art,  science,  or  pro- 
fession.    Requirements  and  opportuni- 
ties.    Professional  opportunities. 

320  General. 

322  General  special. 

323  War  service  of  landscape  architects. 

324  Women  in  the  profession  of  landscape  archi- 

tecture. 

Landscape  improvement  movement. 

Cf.  NAC.500  +  ,  City-planning  movement.     Civic  improve- 


ment. 

500 

General. 

505 

General  special. 

Purposes,  activities,  progress,  etc. 

Organization. 

510 

General. 

513 

Societies. 

515 

University  extension  work. 

519 

Other. 

Education  of  public.    Educational  campaigns. 

Cf.  515,  University  extension  work,  above. 

540  General. 

542  Lectures. 

Cf.  265 -h. 

544  Publications,  propaganda. 

546  Demonstrations,  exhibitions. 

Cf.  (50)+,  940. 

548  Teaching  in  public  schools. 

Cf.  900 +  . 

Forms  of  improvement. 
560  General. 

565  "  Yard  improvement."     "  Garden  contests." 

Cf.  4200 -I- ,  4900 +  . 
25 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Landscape  improvement  movement  (continued). 
568  Improvement  of  public  and  semi-public  grounds. 

Cf.  5200-5590. 

570  Road  and  roadside  improvement. 

Cf.  1848,  3605  +  . 

573  Countryside  improvement. 

Cf.  NAC  .'580 +  . 

575  Billboard  removal. 

Cf.  NAC  3880. 

585  War  memorials. 

Cf.  3440. 

590  other. 

700     Legislation.      Legal   aspects   of   landscape   archi- 
tecture. 

Put  here  only   general   or   collected  legislation  relating  to 

matters  within  the  field  of  landscape  architecture.  Legislation 

relating  to  professional  practice  goes  in  1213;  relating   to 
Parks,  etc.,  in  6014.    Cf.  NAC  700  +  ,  and  notes. 

Study  and  teaching. 

For  popular  education  in  landscape  improvement,  see  .540  +  . 

900        General. 

905        General  special. 

Subject  matter. 

910  General. 

911  Theory  and  practice  of  landscape  design,  eco- 

nomic and  esthetic. 

Study  of  typical  landscape  imits.     Problems.     Criti- 
cism.   Cf.  1000 +  ,  1246. 

912  Theory. 

914  Practice. 

915  Presentation  of  design. 

Drawings,  reports,  etc.    Cf.  12.50  +  . 

917  Construction  and  maintenance. 

Including  grading,  planting,  etc.    Cf.  1400  +  . 

919  Elements  and  materials  of  landscape  and  land- 

scape design. 
Cf.  1.500 +  . 

920  Special  contributory  subjects. 

E.  g.,  Geology,  Forestry,  .■Architecture. 
26 


CLASSIFICATION 

Study  and  teaching  (continued). 
Methods. 
930  General. 

935 .  Courses  of  study  in  universities,  colleges,  tech- 

nical schools. 

Cf.  548. 

939  '■  Correspondence  courses." 

940  Study  in  libraries,  collections,  exhibitions. 

Cf.  (50)+,  546. 

945  Obser\'ation  and  travel. 

946  Travelling  fellowships. 

947  Study  tours.     Itineraries. 

950  Experience  in  offices  of  practitioners. 

Special  countries. 
960  United  States. 

962  England. 

964  France. 

966  Germany. 

978  Other. 

Special  professional  schools. 

Including  catalogues  and  bulletins.  Note:  word  "School" 
is  used  in  the  sense  of  institution,  not  in  the  sense,  e.g., 
English  ■■  Landscape  ."School." 

980  United  States. 

982  England. 

984  France. 

986  Germany. 

998  Other. 

Theory  of  L.-^^ndscape  Design. 
1000        General. 
1002         General  special. 

(1005)       (Economic  theory.)    See  4000-I-,  Types  of  land- 
scape designs,  according  to  use. 

Esthetic  theory  (General). 
1010  General. 

1015  Psychological  basis. 

1020  Taste.    Ideals.    Appreci.\tion.    Criticism. 

27 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Theory  of  Landscape  Design  (continued). 
Style  in  landscape  design. 

1030  General. 

1031  General  special. 

Effect  of  climate,  topography,  social  customs,  etc. 

1034  Categories. 

1035  Formal  and  Informal. 

1036  Formal. 

Including    styles    termed    "  Regular,"    "  Archi- 
tectural, "  Geometrical,"  "  Symmetrical." 

1037  Informal. 

Including  styles  termed  "  Gardenesque,"  etc. 

1038  Humanized  and  Naturalistic. 
(1039)  (Humanized). 

1040  Naturalistic. 

1041  Classic  and  Romantic. 

1042  Classic. 

1043  Romantic. 

(1047)  (Examples.) 

(1048)  (Individual  styles.)     For  discussion  of  in- 

dividual designer  not  included  in  His- 
toric styles,  see  205. 

(1049)  (Historic  styles.)     See  210+ ,  History,  in- 

cluding Historic  styles. 
Landscape  character. 

This  term  is  used  to  designate  the  sum  of  the  qualities 
of  a  natural  landscape,  which  give  it  recognizable  in- 
dividuality. Cf.  the  term  Style,  as  applied  to  man- 
made  landscape  designs. 

1050  General. 

(1055)  (Examples.)    See  3900  +  ,  Types  of  landscape. 

Landscape  characters. 
Landscape  effect. 
1060  General. 

1063  Categories  and  examples. 

1064  Historic  examples. 

1065  The  "  Beautiful." 

1066  The  "  Picturesque." 

1067  The  "  Sublime." 

1068  Other  effects  discussed  in  the  older  Utera- 

ture  of  landscape  design.  ' 

E.  g.,  the  melancholy,  the  gay,  etc. 

28 


CLASSIFICATION 

Theory  of  Landscape  Design  (continued). 
Landscape  effect  (continued). 
1070  Effects  due  mainly  to  style  or  landscape 

character. 

E.  g.,  grand. 

1075  Effects  due  mainly  to  transitory  conditions 

of  weather,  light  or  darkness,  hour  of 
day,  etc. 

E.  g.,  gloomy. 

1077  Effects  due  mainly  to  association  of  ideas. 

E.  g.,  romantic.    Cf.  1043. 

1079  Other  effects. 

Landscape  composition. 

1100  General. 

1105  General  special. 

1107  Comparison  with  landscape  painting.     Land- 

scape architecture  in  painting. 

1109  Unity  and   attraction   of    attention,   extent 

of  composition,  consideration  of  visual 
angle,  etc. 

1111  Emphasis,    contrast,  variety,    climax,  domi- 


FORJIS   OF   ORDER   IN   COMPOSITION. 

1115  General.     Harmony.     Unity. 

1117  General  special. 

1120  Repetition. 

•     Including  Monotony. 

1121  Sequence.     Rhythm. 

1123  Balance. 

1124  Symmetrical  balance.     Symmetry. 

1126  Unsymmetrical  balance.    Occult  balance. 

Characteristics  of  objects,  and  circum- 
stances MODIFYING  THEIR  APPEARANCE, 
IN    LANDSCAPE    COMPOSITION. 

1130  General. 

1132  General  .special. 

1134  (Material.)     See  1500+,  Elements  and  ma- 

terials in  landscape  and  landscape  design. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Theory  of  Laj^dscape  Design  (continued). 
Landscape  composition  {continued). 

1137  Shape.    Form  (in  its  restricted  sense) . 

1138  Silhouette. 

1140  Size.     Scale. 

1141  Absolute  and  relative  scale. 
1145                Texture. 

1147  Color. 

1 150  Light  and  shade. 

1152  Orientation. 

In  general.     Cf.  3050  +  ,  Buildings. 

1153  Shadows. 

1154  Night  effects. 

1155  Perspective. 

115(5  Atmosphere    and    Atmospheric    perspective. 

Aerial  perspective. 

Cf.  1540. 

1157  Seasonal  effects. 

The  abbreviations  .Sp.,  Su.,  A.,  W.,  may  be  u.sed  here 
for  subdivi.sion.s  if  desired,  for  Spring,  Summer,  Au- 
tumn, and  Winter. 


1158 

Movement.     Effect  of  wind,  etc. 

1159 

Other. 

1160 

Illusions  (as  to  characteristics)  in  landscape 

composition. 

Landscape  compositions  and  their  compo- 

sitional ELEMENTS. 

1170 

General. 

1172 

General  special. 

1173 

Choice  of  viewpoints. 

Pictorial  compositions. 

1174 

General. 

1175 

Elements  in  their  space  relations. 

1177 

Enframement. 

1178 

Foregrounds. 

1179 

Backgrounds. 

1180 

Planes  of  distance. 

(Examples.) 

1182 

Balanced  compositions.     Axial  arrange- 

ments. 

3Q 

CLASSIFICATION 

Theory  of  Landscape  Design  (continued). 
Landscape  composition  (continued). 
Pictorial  compositions  (continued). 
1185  Vistas. 

Cf.  2130  +  . 

Objects  in  landscape  composition  according 
to  their  design  value. 
1190  General. 

1192  As  inclosure.    Boundaries  and  entrances. 

Cf.  1824  +  ,etc.,  3300  +  ,  4327. 

1194  As  surface  decoration. 

Cf.  2733,  3217,  361.5, 4.331. 

1196  As  marking  points  of  interest.     Accents. 

Cf.  1821,  etc.,  3425  +  .  433.5. 

1197  Other. 

.\s  marking  points  commanding  view.s.  Outlooks,  etc. 

1199  Other. 

Methods    of    technical    procedure.      Profes- 
sional practice. 

1200  General. 

1205        General  special. 

Professional  conduct  and  relations.    Profes- 
sional reputation. 

1210  General. 

1211  Code  of  professional  ethics. 

1212  Charges. 

1213  Legal    relations    of    the    landscape    architect. 

Legislation  relating  to  professional  prac- 
tice. 

Cf.  TOO. 

1215  Registration  and  examinations. 

1216  Relations  with  special  parties. 

1217  Clients. 

1218  Private. 

1219  Public. 

1220  Other  practitioners.     Cooperation  of  practi- 

tioners. 

Including  cooperation  with  architects,  engineers,  etc. 
Cf.  NAC  875. 

31 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Methods    of    technical    procedure.      Profes- 
sional Practice  (continued). 
Relations  with  special  parties  {continued). 
Contractors. 

1221  General. 

1221.5  Construction'  contractors. 

1221.8  Labor. 

1222  Nurserymen. 
1222.5  Other. 

Including  jjardeneis. 

1223  Advertising  and  publicity. 

1224  Announcements  of  practitioners.    A-Z. 

1225  Competitions. 

For  collected  material  on  competitions.  C^oniiietitions 
on  special  subjects  may  be  filed  by  subject. 

1228  Competitive  examinations. 

Organization  and  equipment  of  office. 

1230  General. 

Including  location  of  office,  accommodations  required,  and 
office  management. 

1231  Office  force.     Draftsmen,  etc. 

1232  Field  force.     Inspectors,  etc. 

1233  Field  and  office  equipment. 

1233.1  Furniture. 

1233.2  Instruments. 

Cf.  12.51.5. 

1233.3  Special  labor-saving  devices. 

1233.4  Supplies. 

Including  tracing  cloth,  etc.,  pencils,  etc. 

1233.5  Blank  forms. 

Including  plant  order  lists,  time  cards,  etc. 

1234  .\ccounting  systems. 

1235  Filing  and  arrangement  of  drawings  and  other 

material. 

Including  correspondence,  reports  of  field  force  to  office, 
etc.,  record  of  office  work  planned  or  executed,  etc.,  etc. 

1236  Office  reference  material. 

Including  standard  details,  records  of  dimensions,  plant 
lists,  dealers'  catalogues  and  lists  including  nursery 
catalogues,  books,  pamphlets,  photographs,  etc.,  etc., 
and  indexes  to  the  same. 

1238  Dealers'  catalogues  and  lists. 

32 


CLASSIFICATION 

Methods    of    technical    procedure.      Profes- 
sional PRACTICE  (continued). 
Collection  of  data. 

1240  General. 

Visits  to  the  ground. 

1241  Topographical  maps.    Surveying,  Photographic 

surveying. 
Includes  methods  of  representing  topographical  informa- 
tion, hachuring,    contouring,   designation  of  cultivation, 
ground  cover,  etc.    Cf .  Library  of  Congress  Class  TA. 

1242  Sketches. 

1243  Photographs.     Photography. 

1244  Aerial  photographs.     Aerial  photography. 

1245  Reports  of  visits  to  ground. 

1246  Office  procedure  in  design. 

Presentation  of  design. 

1250  General. 

Drawings.  Drafting.  Rendering.  Freehand 
drawing.  Landscape  drawing,  painting, 
etc. 

1251  General. 

1251.5  Drawing  instruments  and  materials.     Draft- 

ing-room instruments  and  materials. 
Including  ])lanimeters,  etc.    Cf.  1233.2. 

1252  Drawings  for  special  technical  uses.    Plans. 
1263  Studies. 

1266  Preliminary  plans. 

1270  Perspectives  and  elevations. 

1272  Elevations  and  silhouettes. 

1274  Perspectives. 

Including     birdseye     perspectives,      "  birdseye 
views." 

1276  General  plans. 

1278  Grading    and    construction    plans.      Con- 

struction details. 
1282  Profiles  and  sections.    Cross-sections. 

1285  Planting  plans.    Planting  details. 

Cf.  134S,  Planting  lists. 

Special   kinds   of   presentation,    of   drafting, 
rendering,  etc. 
1288  General.  ; 

33 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Methods    of    technical    procedure.      Profes- 
sional PRACTICE  (continued). 
Presentation  of  design  {continued). 

1289  Drawings. 

1290  Line. 

1291  Pencil. 

1292  Pen  and  ink. 

1293  Wash. 

1294  Monochrome. 

1295  Color. 

1296  Pastel.     Crayon. 

1299  Other. 

Reproductions    of    drawings.      Kinds    of 
prints. 

1300  General. 

1301  Direct  or  contact  prints,  from  original 

or  direct-printed  translucent  negative. 

Blue  prints,  Van  Dyke  prints,  etc. 

1303  Photographs  (by  use  of  lens). 

Including  direct  prints  from  such  negatives;  i.  e., 
glass  and  film  negatives,  photostat  negatives. 

1304  "  Black-hne  "  prints. 

Transfer  of  printer's  ink  from  gelatin  surface. 

1305  Photolithographs. 

1307  Line  cuts. 

1308  Half-tone  cuts. 

1309  Other.     Rubbings,  etc. 

1310  Lettering.    Titles.    Alphabets. 

1313  Titles.    Cartouches.    Legends,  notes,  etc. 

1315  Graphical  scales,  Northpoints.    Key  maps, 

etc. 

Presentation    of    special    landscape    forms. 
Representation  of  landscape  forms. 

For  representation  of  topographical  information, 


1320 

General. 

1321 

Sky. 

1321.1 

Water. 

1322 

Ground  forms,  hills,  etc. 

1323 

Ground  surface. 

34 

CLASSIFICATION 

Methods    of    technic.\x    procedure.      Profes- 
sional PRACTICE  {continued). 
Presentation  of  special  landscape  forms  .  .  . 
{continued). 

1324  Vegetation. 

1325  Trees. 

1326  Shrubs. 

1327  Herbaceous  plants. 

1328  Structures. 

1329  Buildings  and  minor  structures.     Archi- 

tectural forms. 

1330  Roads,  paths,  etc. 
Models. 

1331  General. 

1332  Special  methods  of  construction.    Special  ma- 

terials. 

1333  Models  of  special  landscape  forms. 

1334  Ground  forms. 

1335  Plants. 

1336  ,    Structures. 

Models  of  special  landscape  designs. 

1337  General. 

1338  Estates  and  gardens. 

1339  Other. 

Written  material.    Reports,  specifications,  Usts, 
etc. 

1340  General. 

1342  Reports  to  cUents. 

1344  Contracts  and  specifications. 

1346  Estimates.     Calculations  of  quantities  and 

costs. 

Cf.  1402. 

1348  Planting  Usts. 

Cf.  1285. 

1355  Superintendence  of  construction  and  main- 

tenance. 

Cf.  I400+. 

1356  Construction. 

1357  Maintenance. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Landscape  construction  and  maintenance. 
1400         General. 

See  also  the  subdivision  Construction  and  maintenance 
under  Types  of  landscape  designs,  4000 +  . 

1402  Cost  of  construction  and  maintenance. 

Cf.  1346.     See  also  the  subdivision  Cost  under  Types  of 
landscape  designs,  4000 +  • 

1403  Construction. 

1404  Maintenance. 
Construction. 

(1405)  (General).     Prefer  1400. 

1406  Tree  cutting.    Tree  protection. 

Cf.  2110,  3925, 

1410  Clearing  the  ground.    Removal  of  rubbish. 

(1418)  (Ditching  and  drainage.)     See3730  +  . 

(1420)  (Pipe  laying  for  storm  water  drainage,  subsoil 

drainage,  sewer,  water,  gas.)     See  3710. 
(1426)  (Conduit  laying,  for  electricity.)    See  3710. 

(1429)  (Pole  line  construction,  spacing,  bracing,  clear- 

ance, etc.)     See  3718. 
Grading  and  earthwork. 

Cf.  3225+,  360S. 

1431  General. 

1432  Rough  grading. 

1433  Finished  grading. 

1434  Rock  cut  and  fill.    Rock  excavation.  Blasting. 

(1436)  (Preparation  of  the  soil  for  planting.     Applica- 

tion of  fertiUzers.  Cultivation.)  See  1853. 

(1437)  (Planting.)     See  1850 +  . 
(1440)  (Road  construction.)     See  3610. 

(1445)  (Masonry  construction  and  foundations.     Mas- 

sonry  walls,  etc.    Shore  protection.)    See 
3000?w3-6,  3250 +  . 
(1450)  (Wooden  construction.     Wooden  fences,  etc.) 

See  30007??!. 
1460  Protection  of  work  from  damage. 

Cf.  1406. 

1464  Other. 
Maintenance. 

1465  General. 

1466  General  special. 


CLASSIFICATION 

Landscape  construction  and  maintenance 
(continued) . 

1470  Maintenance  of  special  elements. 

1471  Ground  forms. 

1472  Water  shores. 

1475  Plants. 

Cf.  1S70. 

1476  Tree  areas. 

1477  Shrub  areas. 

1478  Flower  beds. 
1479'  Lawns. 

1480  Structures. 

1481  Buildings  and  minor  structures. 
1483  Roads,  paths,  etc. 

Maintenance  of  special  types  of  landscape  de- 
signs, according  to  use. 
1485  General. 

(1490)  (Special  types.)     See  the  special  Types,  e.g., 

Estates,  etc. 
(1495)  (Management.      Estate    management.      Farm 

management,  etc.)  See  the  special  Types, 
e.  g.,  Estate  management.  Farm  manage- 
ment, Park  administration,  etc. 

Elements  and  materials  in  landscape  and  land- 
scape  DESIGN. 
1500         General.     Collective. 
1540         Atmosphere,  sky,  clouds,  etc. 
Cf.  1156. 

1550  Sky,  clouds,  etc. 

Ground  forms.      Natural   forms  of   ground, 
rock,  .\nd  w.\ter. 
1600  General. 

1602  General  special. 

1605  Design. 

For  Ground  forms  as  motiving  planting  and  structures, 
prefer  1836,  3050. 

1608  Economic  considerations. 

1610  Composition.     (Esthetic.) 

1625  Character  of  ground  forms. 

Cf.  1050.  Landscape  character. 
37 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Ground  forms,  rock,  water  (continued). 
1640  Geologic  origin  of  ground  forms.    Geology, 


etc. 

Cf.  1852.1.    For  construction,  cf.  1431 +,  3225+. 

1650 

Special  forms  and  units,  according  to  nat- 

ural CHARACTER. 

Waterbodies  and  their  shores. 

1655 

General. 

1658 
1660 

General  special. 
Water  in  landscape. 

Compositional  value,  reflections,  etc. 

1665 

Shore  protection. 

Cf.  3250 +  . 

1670 

Sea  and  seashore. 

Cf.  6205 +,  6655. 

1680 

Lakes,  ponds,  and  their  shores. 

Cf.  6210  +  ,  06fi0. 

1684 

Lakes. 

1686 

Ponds. 

1690 

Streams  and  stream  banks. 

Cf.  6215  +  ,  0065. 

1692 

Rivers. 

1693 

Naturalistic  canals. 

1694 

Brooks. 

1696 

Waterfalls. 

Cf.  3450,Cascades  (artificial). 

1700 

Types  of  shores. 

1701 

Shore  outlines.    Bays,  promontories,  etc. 

1702 

Beaches. 

1703 

Sand. 

Cf.  6631. 

1704 

Gravel.     Shingle. 

1705 

Boulder. 

1707 

Rock  and  cliff  shores. 

1709 

Marshy,  sedgy  shores. 

1710 

Islands. 

1720 

Marshes. 

1724 

Salt.     Tidal  marshes. 

1726 

Fresh. 

38 

CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Groltnd  forms,  rock,  water  (continued). 


1740 
1750 

Plains.    Plateaus. 
VaUeys. 

1760 

Hills  and  mountains. 

Cf.  6230+. 

1764 

Hills. 

1765 

Sand  dunes. 

1766 

Mountains. 

Rocks.    Rocky  cliffs,  ledges,  caves,  etc, 

1770 

General. 

1771 

Boulders. 

1772 

Rock  outcrop. 

1773 

Ledges. 

1774 

CUffs. 

1775 

Artificial  rockwork. 

1780 

Naturalistic  banks  and  slopes. 

Cf.  3225  +  ,  3608. 

1782 

Boulder  banks. 

1784 

Earth  slopes. 

1785 

Minor  modulations  of  ground  surface. 

1790 

Other. 

Plants.    Vegetation. 

For  convenience  in  a  minute  classification  of  information 
relating  to  plants,  the  sections  on  Trees,  .Shrubs,  and  Her- 
baceous plants  have  been  constructed  to  correspond  as  far 
as  possible  to  the  topics  used  under  Plants,  three  hundred 
numbers  having  been  assigned  to  each  section,  and  the  last 
two  figures  of  the  Classification  numbers  in  nearly  all 
cases  being  the  same  for  the  same  topic  as  applied  either 
to  Plants  or  to  Trees,  etc.;  o.  g.,  1824,  MLxed  border  plan- 
tations, 2424,  Shrub  borders;  190.5,  2205,  2505  2805, 
FoUage.  If  a  less  minute  classification  is  desired,  the  user 
may  discard  many  of  the  subtopics  under  Trees,  Shrubs, 
etc.,  and  concentrate  his  descriptive  material  in  1875-2069. 
Cross  references  have  not  been  given  in  the  text  for  these 
repeated  descriptive  topics.    See  Index  under  Plants. 

OtJTLlNE  OF  SUBDIVISIONS  .4S  .APPLIED  TO  Pl.\XTS  IN  GE.N- 
ERAL,  AND  SIMII.ARLV  TO  TREES.  ShRI-BS  AND 
HERB.\CEOtJS  PL.\NTS. 

General. 

Design.    Planting  design.    Plantations. 
Planting  and  culture. 

Description.     Plants  as  materials  of  landscape  design. 
General.    Collective. 

(Plants)  of  special  countries.    Geographical  arrange- 
ment. , 
Systematic  arrangement,  according  to  Bailey  s  Cy- 
clopedia of  Horticulture  (Decimal  subdivisions). 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Plants.     Vegetation  (continued). 

Special  groups  (e.  g.,  Vines,  Bulbs,  etc.).  Use  espe- 
cially for  herbaccnii-  |.I:ini>.  I.oth  grouped  and 
monographs,  prcfiM,;,^  ■-i.n.itic  arrangement 
for  trees  and  shnil.-,  in.  hnlini  iiKinographs,  un- 
less particularly  oth.  rwi-r  uioupcil. 

According  to  characteristics  (form,  color,  etc.). 

According  to  fitness  for  certain  environments  and 
requirements. 

According  to  fitness  for  certain  uses. 

1800  General. 

Including    dictionaries,    such    as    Bailey's    Ci/dnpe'lia    of 
Horticulture. 

Design.     Planting     design.     Plantations. 

1805  General. 

1806  Theory  of  planting  design. 
1808  Economic  considerations. 

Cf.  2030 +  , 

1810  Composition.   (Esthetic.) 

1816  Style  and  character  in  planting  design. 

1818  Formal. 

1819  Naturalistic. 

1820  Examples  of  plantations. 

Composed  of  trees,  shrubs,  and  herbaceous  plants, 
or  any  mixed  plantations  not  to  be  classified  under 
trees,  shrubs,  or  herbaceous  plants. 

1821  Plantations  of  specimens. 

Cf.  2121,  2421. 

1822  Topiary  work. 

1823  Tree  and  shrub  groups.     Clumps. 

^  Cf.  2123,  2423. 

1824  Border    plantations.      Boundary    planta- 

tions.    Inclosing  plantations. 

Cf.  2124,  2424,  2724. 

1825  Screen  plantations. 

1827  Hedges,  hedgerows,  edgings,  etc. 

General.  Cf.  2127,  2427,  2727. 

1834  Plantations  in  relation  to  other  elements. 

Including  sea-^onal  effects  in  plantations.  The 
subdivisions  suggested  here  may  be  used;  or,  for 
very  exact  classification,  the  numbers  1835  and 
1840  may  be  followed  by  c  and  the  classification 
number  of  the  element  as  it  appears  in  the 
full  scheme,  <■.  g..  Planting  in  relation  to  fences, 
1840e3340. 

.40 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Pl.anting  design  (continued). 
Plantations  in  relation  to:  (continued). 

1835  Ground  forms,  including  water.     Plant- 

ing in  relation  to  topography. 

1836  Ground  forms.     Hills,  valleys,  slopes, 

etc. 

1838  Water.      Shore  planting.      Waterside 

planting.   Water  planting. 
Cf.  1996  and  1997,  4354.  4442. 

1839  Seashore  planting. 

Cf.  2000,  2011,  ptr.,  43.5.5, 

1840  Structures. 

1841  Buildings. 

1843  Walls,  fences,  gates,  steps,  etc. 

1845  Minor  accessorj^  structures. 

1847  Bridges. 

1848  Roads,  paths.    Roadside  planting. 
(1849)  (Planting  of  types  of  landscape  designs.) 

With  cross-classification  by  type.  In  general,  it  is 
better  to  put  planting  design  of  Gardens  with  Gar- 
dens—  Design;  of  Instates,  with  Estates  —  Design, 
etc. 

'  Pl.\nting  and  culture.    Horticulture. 

Cf.  Library  of  Conere?.'!  Clsuw  SH. 


1850 

General. 

Plant  environment. 

1851 

General. 

1851.1 

Climate. 

Latitude,   altitude,   humidity,   rainfall. 

sun  and 

shade,  winds,  temperature. 

1851.5 

Planting  seasons. 
Soil. 

1852 

General. 

1852.1 

Origin.     Geologv. 

Cf.  1640. 

1852.2 

Character.     Analysis. 

1852.3 

Physical. 

1852.4 

Chemical. 

1852.5 

Soil  bacteria. 

1852.6 

Soil  for  special  crops. 

1852.7 

Soil  sur\'eys. 
41 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Elements 

.  .  .  IN  LANDSCAPE  .  .  .  (continued). 

Plant 

CULTURE  {continued). 

1853 

Methods  of  soil  improvement. 

1853.1 

Fertilizers. 

1853.2 

Manures. 

1853.3 

Chemicals. 

1853.4 

Compost. 

1853.5 

Green  manures. 

1853.6 

Cultivation  and  tillage. 

1853.7 

Preparation  for  special  crops. 

1853.8 

Rotation  of  crops. 

1854 

Drainage  and  sub-irrigation. 

Cf.  3745-3753. 

1854.1  Watering.       Irrigation.       Sprinkling. 

Lawn  sprinkhng. 
Plant  origin  and  growth. 
1855  General. 

Character  and  m.anncr.     Cf.  1933,  etc. 

1855.2  Pollination. 

1855.3  Seed  dispersal. 

1855.4  Germination. 
Horticultural  processes. 

1860  General. 

1860.1  Propagation.     Seedage,  division,  layering, 

cutting,  grafting,  budding,  etc. 

1860.2  Hybridization  and  selection.     Plant  breed- 

ing. 

1861  Planting  and  transplanting.    Tree  moving. 

1862  Pruning  and  training,  staking. 

1862.1  .\cclimatization.    Plant  introduction. 

1862.2  Digging  and  packing.    Cold  storage.    Ship- 

ment and  handling. 

1862.3  Protection.     Winter  protection. 

1863  Tree  repair.     Mechanical  injuries. 

Cf.  2020,  etc 

1864  Greenhou.ses,  hot  beds  and  cold    frames, 

pits.     Forcing. 
Cf.  3140,  3145. 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Pl.vnt  culture  (continued). 
Plant  diseases  and  pests. 
1865  General. 

Including  diseases  and  pests  of  Trees,  Shrubs,  Her- 
liaceous  plants.  Vegetable  gardens,  etc.  Cf .  'iCeo  +,  etc. 

1865.1  Preventives  and  remedies.    Control. 


1865.4 

Plant  quarantine. 

Diseases. 

1866 

General. 

1866.1 

Special  tj'pes. 

1866.2 

Fungous. 

Cf.  2022,  etc. 

1866.3 

Surface. 

1866.4 

Internal. 

1866.5 

Physiological. 

1866.8 

Preventives  and  remedies.    ' 

Pests.     Insect  pests. 

1867 

General. 

Cf.  2021,  etc. 

1867.1 

Susceptibility.     Immunity. 

1867.2 

Special  types  of  insect  pests. 

1867.3 

Leaf  eaters. 

1867.4 

Sap  suckers. 

1867.5 

Scales. 

1867.6 

Borers. 

1867.7 

Galls. 

1867.8 

Other. 

1867.9 

Other  types  of  pests. 

E.  g.,  mice,  etc. 

1868 

Preventives  and  remedies. 

1868.1 

Methods. 

Spraying,  etc. 

1868.2 

Machinery  and  materials. 

1868.3 

Parasites. 

1870 

Plantations:  development,  main 

Control. 


Control. 


General  only.  For  care  of  special  planta- 
tions, see  the  names  of  the  plantations, 
e.g.,  Lawns;  Gardens,  Rock;   etc. 

Cf.  1475. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Plant  culture  (continued). 

1871  Nurseries. 

Horticultural  tools  and  implements.     Equip- 
ment. 

1872  General. 

1872.1  For  special  purposes. 

1872.2  Tillage. 

1872.3  Cultivation  and  maintenance. 

Including  lawn  mowers,  pruning  tools,  etc. 

1872.4  Transportation. 
1872.9  Other. 

1873  Plant  labels. 

(1874)  (Plant   names.      Plant   nomenclature.)      See 

1876. 

Description.    Plants  as  materials  of  land- 
scape AND   landscape    DESIGN. 

1875  General.     Collective. 

1876  Plant  names.     Plant  nomenclature.     Codes 

of  plant  names. 

Discussions  of  form  of  plant  names,  etc. 

1877  Plants  of  special  countries,  states,  cities,  lo- 

calities.   Geographical  arrangement. 

ITse  Geographical  Table  with  g. 

1878  Systematic  arrangement,  according  to  Bai- 

ley's Cyclopedia  of  Horticulture. 

Use  as  decimals. 

1880  Special  groups. 

1885  Vines.     Climbers.     Creepers. 

1890  Association  groups. 

Put  here  plants  grouped  from  points  of  view  not 
classifiable  elsewhere,  e.  g.,  plants  mentioned  by 
Shakespeare,  plants  of  the  colonial  garden,  plants 
associated  with  persons,  etc. 

1895  Plant  curiosities.    "  Freak  "  plants. 

1900  According  to  characteristics. 

1902  Tabulations   and   plant   lists.      "  Planting 

tables." 
1905  Foliage. 

Including  "  foliage  plants." 
44 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Plant  description  (continued). 

According  to  characteristics  (continued). 

1906  Persistence. 

1907  Evergreen. 

Evergreens. 


Narrow-leaved. 

Broad-leaved. 

Deciduous. 

Form  of  leaves. 

Texture. 

E.  g.,  shiny,  rough. 

Color. 

Seasonal  color. 

Subdivide  if   desired   with   abbreviations  Sp. 
Su.,  A.,  W.    See  note  under  1157. 

1920  Flower. 

Including  Flowering  plants.  If  further  subdivision  is 
necessary,  the  four  succeeding  numbers  may  be  used 
respectively  for  Form,  Color,  Time  of  bloom.  Scent. 

1925  Fi-uit. 

If  further  subdivision  is  necessary,  the  four  succeed- 
ing numbers  may  be  used  respectively  for  Form, 
Color,  Time  of  maturing,  Edibility. 


1930 

Bark. 

1933 

Rate  of  growth. 

1935 

Form.     Size.     Shape.     Habit  of  growth. 

1937 

Natural. 

1838 

Special  shapes. 

Pyramidal,  spherical,  etc. 

(1947) 

(Vines,  chmbers.)     See  1885. 

1954 

Modified. 

(1955) 

(Topiar}-  work.)     See  1822. 

1960 

Texture. 

1965  Color. 

General  only.     For  color  of  foliage,  flower,  etc., 
1917,  1920+,  1925  +  . 

1970  Scent. 

Scented  plants.    Cf.  note  under  1920. 

1975  Seasonal  appearance. 

Cf.  1918. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


E 

LEMENTS    ...    IN    LANDSCAPE    .    .    .    (continued). 

Plant  description  {continued). 

Seasonal  appearance  (continued). 

1976 

Spring. 

1977 

Summer. 

1978 

Autumn. 

1979 

Winter. 

1980 

According  to  fitness  or  unfitness  for  certain 

environments  and  requirements. 

1981 

Climate.     Temperature. 

1982 

Tropical. 

1983 

Subtropical. 

1984 

Temperate. 

1985 

Arctic. 

1986 

Sun  and  shade. 

1987 

Sun. 

1988 

Shade. 

1990 

Soil  and  physical  conditions. 

1991 

Moisture  contents. 

1992 

Arid  and  desert. 

1993 

Irrigated. 

1994 

Dry  sunny  fields. 

1994.5 

Dry  woods. 

1995 

Rich  moist  woods. 

1996 

Bog  and  marsh.    Stagnant  or  springy. 

1997 

Aquatic.    Running  or  still  water. 

Cf.  2792. 

1998 

Physical  conditions. 

1999 

Sand. 

2000 

Sea  beach. 

Cf.  2011. 

2001 

Heavy  clay. 

2002 

Intensive  cultivation. 

2003 

Alpine. 

2003.1 

Prairie. 

2004 

Chemical  characteristics. 

2005 

Acid. 

2006 

Alkahne. 

2007 

Humous. 

2008 

Limestone. 

CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Plant  description  (continued). 
According  to  .  .  .  environments  . .  .  (continued). 


2009 

Volcanic. 

2010 
2011 

2013 

Exposure. 
Salt  spray. 

Cf.  2000. 

Wind. 

2015 

Air.     Dust.     Smoke.     Gases. 

2020 

Relation    to    disease,    injury, 
fungous  attack. 

Cf.  1865  +  . 

insect   and 

2021 

Insect . 

2022 

Fungous. 

2030 

According  to  fitness  or  unfitness 
uses. 

i  for  certain 

2035 

Specimens. 

Cf.  1821,2121,2421. 

2038 

Tub  plants.     Pot  plants  for 
outdoor  use. 

ornamental 

2040 

Window  box  plants. 

2042  Greenhouse  and  house  plants. 

Cf.  2796. 

2045  Plants  suitable  for  street  planting. 

Cf.  2345. 

2048  Plants  suitable  for  naturalizing. 

Cf.  2789,  4439. 

2050  Ground  cover.     Soil  binders. 

Cf.  2350,  2650,  2950. 


2055 

Hedges  and  windbreaks. 

Cf.  1824  +  ,  2124+,  2424  +  . 

2057 

Industrial  crops. 

E.  g.,  basket  willows. 

2059 

Bird-attracting  plants. 

Cf.  1925,  etc. 

2060 

Bee-attracting  plants. 

Cf.  1920,  etc. 

2067 

:Medicinal  plants. 

47 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Plant  description  (continued). 
According  to  .  .  .  uses  {continued). 
2069  Plant  nuisances.     Poisonous  plants.     Dan- 

gerous plants. 

Cf.  2969. 

''  Trees. 
2100  General. 

In  classifying  photographs  of  trees  for  ready  reference 
when  making  drawings  of  Trees,  it  may  be  found  useful 
to  insert  the  following  topics: 

2101  —  Nearby  foliage  and  foliage  details. 
2101.5  —  Flower  details. 

2102  —  Trunks. 

2103  —  Distant  Trees. 

Design,     .\rrangement  of  trees.     Tree  plan- 
tations. 
2105  General. 

2110  General  special. 

E.  g.,  thinning,  effect  of  grazing  line,  effects  from  use 
of  large  trees  moved  in,  etc. 

2120  Examples  of  tree  plantations. 

2121  Specimen  trees. 

Cf.  1821. 

(2122)  (Topiary  work.)     See  1822. 

2123  Tree  groups.     Clumps. 

Cf.  1823. 

2124  Border  and  screen  plantations  of  trees. 

Cf.  1824. 

2127  Hedges. 

Cf.  1827 

2130  AUees.     .\venues  of  trees. 

2131  Clipped. 

2133  Pleached  alleys. 

2135  Espalier  trees.    Trained  fruit  trees. 

2140  Orchards. 

2145  Woodlands.    Bosquets.    Wood  interiors. 

For  naturalistic  woodlands  jjrefer  392.5. 

2150  Planting  and  culture,     .\rl50riculture. 

Cf.  18.50,  Horticulture. 

Description. 
2175  General.     Collective. 

48 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Plants  (continued). 
Trees  (continued). 


2177 

Trees  of  special  countries.     Geographical 

arrangement. 

See  note  under  1877. 

2178 

Systematic     arrangement,     according     to 
Bailey. 

Let  attract.    Put  monographs  here. 

(2180) 
2200 
2202 

(Special  groups). 
According  to  characteristics. 
Tabulations  and  lists  of  trees.    "  Plant- 

ing tables." 

2205 

Foliage. 

Put  here  discussions  of  characteristic  shade- 
casting  quahties. 

2206 

Persistence  of  leaves. 

2207 
2208 

Evergreen. 

Narrow-leaved.     Evergreen  coni- 

fers. 

2209 

Broad-leaved. 

2210 

Deciduous. 

2214 

Form  of  leaves. 

2216 

Texture. 

2217 

Color. 

2218 

Seasonal  color. 

See  note  under  1918. 

2220 

Flower. 

Sec  note  under  1920. 

2225  Fruit. 

General  discussions  of  fruit  trees  may  go  here. 
See  also  note  under  I92r). 


2230 

Bark. 

2233 

Rate  of  growth. 

2235 

Size.     Height. 

2236 

Form.     Shape.     Habit. 

2260 

Textiu-e  (form  and  arrangement  of  leaves) 

Cf.  2205 +  . 

2265 

Color. 

In  distance.    Color  effect.    Cf.  2217. 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Plants  (continued). 
Trees  (continued). 
2270  Scent. 

2275  Seasonal  appearance. 

Cf.  2218. 

2276  Spring. 

2277  Summer. 

2278  Autumn. 

2279  Winter. 

2280  According  to  fitness  or  unfitness  for  certain 

environments  and  requirements. 

2281  Climate.     Temperature. 

Use  same  subdivision.s  as  1981  +. 


2285 

Sun  and  shade. 

2290 

Soil  and  physical  conditions. 

Use  same  subdivisions  as  1990-2009. 

2291 

Moisture  contents. 

2298 

Physical  conditions. 

2304 

Chemical  characteristics. 

2310 

Exposure. 

2311 

Salt  spray. 

2313 

Wind. 

2315 

Air.     Dust.     Smoke.      Gases. 

2320 

Relation  to  disease,  injury,  insect  and 

fungous  attack. 

Cf.  1865  +  . 

2321 

Insect. 

2322 

Fungous. 

2330 

According  to  fitness  or  unfitness  for  certain 

uses. 

Trees  for  u.ses  not  covered  above. 

(?335) 

(Specimens.)     See  2121. 

(2338) 

(Tub  trees.)     See  2038. 

2340 

Shade  trees. 

2345 

Street  trees. 

Cf.  NAC  488.5. 

2350  Forest  trees. 

Cf.  6126+,  and  Library  of  Congress  Class  SD. 
50 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  .  .  .  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Plants  (continued). 

Shrubs,  including  shrubby  vines  and  arbores- 
cent plants. 
2400  General.     Collective. 

Design.      Arrangement    of   shrubs.      Shrub 
plantations. 
2405  General. 

2410    ■  General  special. 

2420  Examples  of  shrub  plantations. 

2421  "  Specimen  "  shrubs. 

Cf.  1821. 

(2422)  (Topiary.)     See  1822. 

2423  Shrub  groups.     Clumps.     Shrub  beds. 


2424  Border  plantations. 

Cf.  1824. 

2427  Hedges. 

Cf.  1827. 

2429  Edgings. 

Cf.  1829. 

(2450)  (Planting  and  culture.)    See  1850,  2150. 

Description. 
2475  General. 

2477  Shrubs  of  special  countries.    Geographical 

arrangement. 

See  note  under  1877. 

2478  Systematic     arrangement,     according     to 

Bailey. 

Put  monographs  here. 


(2480) 
2485 

(Special  groups.) 
Shrubby  vines. 

Cf.  1885. 

248G 

Garden  roses. 

Cf.  4418. 

2500 
2502 

According  to  characteristics. 
Tabulations  and  lists  of  shrubs. 

ing  tables." 

51 

Plant- 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Plants  {continued). 
Shrubs  {continued). 

2505  Foliage. 

2506  Persistence  of  leaves. 

2507  Evergreen. 

2508  Narrow-leaved.     Conifers. 

2509  Broad-leaved. 

2510  Deciduous. 
2514                           Form  of  leaves. 

2516  Texture. 

2517  Color. 

2518  Seasonal  foliage. 

See  note  under  191S. 

2520  Flower. 

See  note  under  1920. 

2525  Fruit. 

See  note  under  1925. 

2530  Bark. 

2533  Rate  of  growth. 

2535  Size.     Height. 

2536  Form.     Shape.     Habit. 
(2547)  (Vines.)     See  2485. 

2560  Texture.      (Form    and    arrangement    of 

leaves.) 
Cf.  2505 +  . 

2565  Color. 

Cf.  2517. 

2570  Scent. 

2575  Sea.sonal  appearance. 

Cf.  2518. 

2576  Spring. 

2577  Summer. 

2578  Autumn. 

2579  Winter. 

2580  According  to  fitness  or  unfitness  for  certain 

environments  and  requirements. 

2581  Climate.     Temperature. 

Use  same  subdivisions  as  1981 +  . 
52 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Plants  (continued). 
Shrubs  (continued). 
According  to  .  .  .  environments  (continued) . 
2585  Sun  and  shade. 

2590  Soil  and  physical  conditions. 

Use  same  subdivisions  as  1990-200!). 


2591 

Moisture  contents. 

2598 

Physical  conditions. 

2604 

Chemical  characteristics. 

2610 

Exposure. 

2611 

Salt  spray. 

2613 

Wind. 

2615 

Air.     Dust.     Smoke.     Cases. 

2620 

Relation   to  disease,  injury,  insect  and 

fungous  attack. 

Cf.  lSfi5  +  . 

2621 

Insect. 

2622 

Fungous. 

2630 

According  to  fitness  or  unfitness  for  certain 

uses. 

Shrubs  for  uses  not  covered  above. 

2635 

("Specimens.")     See  2421. 

(2638) 

(Tub  plants.)     See  2038. 

2650 

Ground  cover. 

Herbaceous     plants,     including    herbaceous 
vines. 
2700  General. 

Design.     Arrangement  of  herbaceous  plants. 
Herbaceous  plantations. 
2705  General. 

2710  General  special. 

2720  Examples  of  herbaceous  plantations. 

Use  2720  for  two  or  more  of  the  topics  given 
below,  e.  g.,  Herbaceous  beds  and  borders. 

2724  Borders.     Herbaceous  borders. 

Cf.  1S24. 

2729  Edgings. 

Cf.  1829. 

53 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Plants  {continued). 

Herbaceous  plants  (continued). 

Examples  of  herbaceous  plantations  (cant.) 
2731  Flower  beds.     Herbaceous  beds. 

2733  Carpet  beds.    Carpet  bedding. 


2735  Lawns. 


Term  used  here  in  sense  of  design-unit, 
covered  with  turf.    Cf.  2788. 


2736 

(2741) 

Turf  panels. 

(Wild  gardens.)     See  2789  or  4439,  ex- 
cept for  photographs. 

2750 

Planting  and  culture.    Floriculture. 

Cf.  18.50. 

2775 

2777 

Description. 
General. 

Plants  of  special  countries.     Geographical 
arrangement. 

See  note  under  1877. 

(2778) 
2780 

(Systematic    arrangement,     according    to 

Bailey.) 
Special  groups. 

Put  monographs  here,  alphabetically  under  each 
group.    For  Gardens  composed  of  special  groups 
of  herbaceous  plants,  see  44.30+. 

2781 

Annuals. 

Cf.  4431. 

2782  Biennials. 

2783  Perennials.     Border  Perennials.     Peren- 

nials not  otherwise  included,  etc. 

Cf.  4433. 

2785  Herbaceous  vines. 

Cf.  188.5. 

2787  Bulbs. 

Including  lihum,  gladiolus,  dahlia,  etc.    Cf.  4437. 

2788  Grasses. 

Including  lawn  grasses. 

2789  Native  and  naturaUzed  plants. 

"Wild  flowers,"   "wild  gardening."     Cf.  2048, 
4439. 

54 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Plants  {continued). 

Herbaceous  plants  {conlinued). 
Description  {continued) . 


2790 

Ferns. 

2790.5 

Mosses,  lichens,  etc. 

2791 

Rock  and  alpine  plants,  Wall  plants. 

Cf.  4441. 

2792 

Water  plants. 

Bog  and  marsh  plants  go  in  2S96.    Cf.  4442. 

2793 

Cut-flower  plants. 

Cf.  4525. 

2794 

Bedding  plants. 

Cf.  2733,  4444. 

2795 

Window  box  plants. 

Cf.  2040. 

2796 

Greenhouse  (Hothouse)  plants. 

Cf.  2042. 

2797 

House  plants. 

Cf.  2042. 

2798 

Sweet  herbs. 

Cf.  2870,  444S. 

2799 

Vegetables,  including  decorative  use. 

Let  4.525,  Vegetable  gardens,  attract. 

2800 

According  to  characteristics. 

2802 

Tabulations    and    lists    of    herbaceous 

plants.    Plant  lists.  "  Planting  tables." 

2805 

Fohagc. 

2814 

Fomi. 

2816 

Texture. 

2817 

Color. 

2820 

Flower. 

2821 

Form. 

2822 

Color. 

2823 

Time  of  bloom. 

2824 

Scent. 

2833 

Rate  of  growth. 

2835 

Size.    Height.    Form.    Shape.    Habit. 

(2847) 

(Vines.)     See  2785. 

55 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  [continued). 
Plants  {continued). 

Herbaceous  plants  (continued.) 
Description  (contimied) . 
2860  Texture.      (Form    and    arrangement    of 

flowers  and  leaves.) 

Cf.  2805 +  . 

2865  Color. 

Cf.  2814,  282L 

2870  Scent. 

Cf.  2824. 

2875  Seasonal  appearance. 

2876  Spring. 

2877  Summer. 

2878  Autumn. 

2879  Winter  (for  southern  climates). 

2880  According  to  fitness  or  unfitness  for  certain 

environments  and  requirements. 

2881  Climate.    Temperature. 

Use  same  subdivisions  as  1981 +. 


2886 

Sun  and  shade. 

2890 

Soil. 

Use  same  subdivisions  as  1990-2009. 

2891 

Moisture  contents. 

For  bog  gardens,  cf.  4443. 

2898 

Physical  conditions. 

2904 

Chemical  characteristics. 

2910 

Exposure. 

2911 

Salt  spray. 

2913 

Wind. 

2915 

Air.     Dust.     Smoke.     Gases. 

2920 

Relation  to  disease,  injury,  insect  and 

fungous  attack. 

Cf.  186.5 +  . 

2921  Insect. 

2922  Fungous. 

2930  According  to  fitness  or  unfitness  for  certain 

uses.     See  also   Special  groups,  2780- 
2799. 

56 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Plants  (continued). 
Herbaceous  pl.vnts  (continued). 

According  to  .  .  .  uses  (continued). 
2950  Ground  cover. 

Cf.  2050. 

2969  Weeds. 

Cf.  2069. 

Structuees,  in  landscape. 
3000  General.     Collective. 

Special  materials  of  construction. 

To  be  used  in  any  subdivision  of  structures  desired  as 
subarrangement  with  m.  Note  special  adaptation  of 
this  table  for  use  under  3610,  Roads,  etc.  For  Earth, 
see  1431 +,  1784,  3225+,  and  3610w8..-). 

3000ml  Wodd. 
ml. 5  Rustic. 

TO  1.8  Thatch. 

w2  Stucco  on  wood  or  metal  lath  or  brick  or  tile. 

mS  Masonry. 
mi  Brick, 

mo  Stone. 

m6  Concrete.      Cement    concrete.      Reinforced 

concrete. 

ml  Terra   cotta.      Pottery.      Tiles.      Tesselated 

work.     Mosaic. 

mS  Metal.    Ironwork.    Leadwork.    Bronzework. 

m9  Other. 

Combinations,  etc.     Turf. 


3005 

Design. 

3008 

Economic  considerations. 

3010 

Composition.     (Esthetic.) 

3025 

Styles  and  character. 

3040 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

Buildings  for  residence  and  other  major 

USES. 

3050 

General. 

Buildings  in  landscape  compositions.     Considerations 

of  site.    Adaptation  to  topograph.v,  etc. 

3054 

Building  groups. 

3054.5 

Residential  building  groups. 

57 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Structures  (continued) . 
3055  Special  buildings. 

Cf.  Library  of  Congress  Class  NA,  Architecture. 
In  general,  buildings  will  be  adequately  cared  for  by 
Type  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use,  4000+, 
where  they  appear  in  connection  with  their  grounds, 
or  as  general  illustrations  of  Location,  Adaptation 
to  topography,  etc.  The  quantity  of  material  on 
"  The  House  "  makes  it  worth  while  here  to  assign 
that  topic  a  special  number. 

.3060  Residences.    Houses.    House  location. 

Cf.  4905.1 

30(52  Small  houses. 

3064  Subxirban  houses. 

3066  Country  houses. 

3090  Other. 

Service  buildings  and  other  service  struc- 
tures. 

Cf.  6036,  etc.,  and  NAC_.3.568,  .3670+. 

3100  General.     Collective. 

3105  Farm  buildings. 

Stables  and  stable  yards,  barns  and  barnyards, 
sheep-folds,  piggeries,  henhouses,  ice-houses,  etc. 

3115  Dovecotes,  bird-houses,  etc. 

Cf.  .576.5. 

3117  Apiaries,  beehives. 

3120  Windmills,  water-towers,  etc. 

3125  Gate-lodges. 

3130  Garages  and  garage  yards. 

3132  Service  yards. 

3134  Laundry  yards. 

3138  Gardener's  yards.     Compost  yards. 

3140  Greenhouses.      Plant    windows.      Conserva- 
tories.   Hothouses.     Potting  sheds.- 


3145  Hot  beds  and  cold  frames. 

Cf.  1864. 

3149  Other. 

Including  public  comfort  stations  in  parks,  etc.     Cf. 


CLASSIFICATIOX 

Elements  ...  in  Landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
3150  Pleasure    buildings    and    other    pleasure 

structures. 


3153 

Outlook  towers,  gazebos,  pagodas,  etc. 

3155 

Pavilions,  shelters,  etc. 

Including  ca-sini,  tempietti,  garden  temples,  tea  houses, 

•  summer  houses,"   garden  houses,   "  ruins  "   in  Ro- 

mantic landscape  designs,  etc.,  etc. 

3157 

Playhouses. 

3159 

Bandstands. 

3160 

Pergolas,  arbors,  etc. 

3164 

Decorative  colonnades,  free-standing. 

3170 

Boat-houses. 

3171 

Boat-landings. 

3172 

Bath-houses. 

Cf.  3449,  6532,  6637. 

3180 

Orangeries.     Stanzoni. 

3185 

Grottoes. 

3190 

Mazes,  labyrinths,  etc. 

3195 

Garden  theaters. 

3198 

Amphitheaters.       Music     courts.       Outdoor 

theaters.     Stadiums. 

3205 

Tennis  courts. 

Cf.  6590. 

3208 

Croquet  lawns.     Roque  courts. 

Cf.  6592. 

3211 

Bowling  greens. 

Cf.  6592. 

3212 

Archery  lawns. 

Cf.  6592. 

3217 

Parterres. 

Cf.  2733,  27.34. 

3219 

Other. 

Terraces,    embankments,    and    structural 

SHORE   treatment. 

3225 

General. 

Cf.  3331,  3631. 

Terraces,  etc. 

3230 

General. 

3232 

Terraces. 

3234 

House  terraces. 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Terraces,  embankments,  etc.  (continued). 
3240  Sunk  panels. 

3243  Mounts  (as  in  Tudor  gardens) . 

3245  Embankments. 

Structural  shore  treatment.     Shore  embank- 
ments. 

Cf.  166.5. 

3250  General. 

3255  Pihng.     Bulklieads,  ec. 

(3260)  (Retaining  walls.)     See  3332. 

3263  Groynes. 

3265  Rip  rap. 

Walls,  fences,  gates,  steps,  etc. 

The  subject  Steps  has  been  put  here  rather  than  with 
Ways,  since  it  has  been  found  that  most  of  the  material 
treats  steps  primarily  as  architectural  structures.  Pho- 
lographs  go  much  better  here.    Cf.,  however,  (3648). 


3300 

General. 

Special  materials. 

3300ml 

Wood. 

ml.2 

Rail. 

ml. 3 

Lattice.     Latticework. 

Cf.  34.30W1..3. 

ml. 5 

Rustic. 

m2 

Stucco  on  lath.    Stucco  on  brick  or  tile. 

mS 

Masonry.    Stone,  brick,  etc. 

to6 

Concrete. 

m7 

Terra  cotta. 

mS 

Metal. 

m9 

Combinations. 

3310 

Special  uses. 

3311 

Parapets. 

Cf.  331.5  +  . 

3314 

Details. 

3315 

Balustrades. 

3316 

Raihngs. 

3316.5 

Grilles. 

3317 

Copings. 

60 


CLASSIFICATION 


Elements  ...  in  l.\ndscape  ...  (continued) . 
Walls,  fences,  gates,  steps,  etc.  (continued). 


3318 

Posts  and  post-finials. 

3319 

Niches. 

Walls. 

Cf.  4441. 

3320 

General. 

Special  materials  and  constructions. 

3320TO2 

Stucco  on  brick,  tile,  wire  lath,  etc. 

m4 

Brick. 

mo 

Stone. 

mG 

Concrete. 

md 

Combinations. 

3330 

Special  uses. 

3331 

Retaining  walls. 

C'f.  :}22.5  +  . 

3332 

Sea   walls.      Shore   protection   retaining 

walls. 

3335 

Foundation  walls. 

Fences. 

3340 

General. 

Special  materials. 

3340  ml 

Wood. 

m  1 .5 

Rustic. 

w8 

Metal. 

rn8.2 

Wire. 

m9 

Combinations. 

Including  garlands  between  posts,  etc. 

3345 

Special  uses. 

3346 

Sunk  fences.     "Ha-has." 

3348 

Back  stops,  for  tennis  courts,  etc. 

Cf.  320.5,  6590,  etc. 

Gates  and  gateways. 

3350 

General. 

Special  materials. 

3350^1 

Wood. 

/h2 

Stucco  on  brick,  lath,  etc. 

wi3 

Masonry. 

mi 

Brick.   ^ 

61 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Walls,  fences,  gates,  steps,  etc.  (continued). 
Gates  and  gateways  (continued). 
Special  materials  (continued). 
mb  Stone. 

to6  Concrete. 

m8  Metal. 

m9  Combinations. 

3360  Special  uses. 

3361  Entrance  gates  and  gateways. 

3362  Garden  gates. 

Cf.  3472. 

3363  Covered    gates    and    gateways.      Lych 

gates. 
3370  Stiles. 

3373  Turnstiles. 

Steps,  ramps,  perrons,  etc. 

Cf.  (3648). 


3375 

General. 

3376 

General  special. 

3377 

Steps  in  relation  to  traffic. 

Sizes,  etc. 

3378 

Steps  as  architectural  elements. 

Special  materials. 

3380ml 

Wood. 

m4 

Brick. 

m5 

Stone. 

m6 

Concrete. 

/n9 

Combinations.     Turf. 

3390 

Special  forms  of  steps. 

3393 

Special  forms  of  slope  steps.     Perrons 

3395 

Special  forms  of  ramps. 

Cf.  3451,  Water  ramps. 

Minor  accessory  structures. 

3400 

General. 

3405 

PRUyjARILY   FOR  SERVICE  PURPOSES.      Se 

accessories. 

Cr.  3700 +  ,  subtopics:  Details. 

3418  Hitching  posts,  mounting  blocks,  etc. 

62 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Minor  accessory  structures  {continued). 
Primarily  for  service  purposes  {continued). 
3419  Drinking  fountains,  watering  troughs. 

Cf.  (34-17.1). 


3420 

Tree  guards,  tree  grating? 

3421 

Lawn  guard.s. 

3424 

Other. 

Primarily  for  ornamental  and  pleasure 
purposes.     "  Garden  furniture." 
3425  General. 

For  printed  matter,  let  .342,5  attract  over  30()0  even 
if  a  book  has  a  few  pergolas  and  fences  in  it. 

3428  General  special. 

Details  of  design,  e.  g.,  Pedestals. 

3430  Special  materials. 


3430ml 

Wood. 

ml. 3 

Lattices,  trellises,  treillage,  etc. 

mS 

Stone.    Concrete.    Terra  cotta,  etc. 

m4 

Brick. 

tno 

Stone. 

m6 

Concrete. 

ml 

Terra  cotta.     Pottery. 

Garden  potterj-. 

mS 

Metal. 

m9 

Other. 

3440  Monuments. 

Commemorativf  structures  which  are  not  statuarj-, 
fountains,  etc.,  or  collective  material,  including 
statuarj-,  etc.    Cf.  5916. 

Fountains,  pools,  basins,  cascades,  aque- 
ducts. Architectural  and  sculptural 
water  features.    "  Ornamental  water." 

3445  General. 

3446  Fountains.     Water  jets. 

3447  Wall  fountains. 

(3447.1)  (.Drinking  fountains.)    See  3419. 

63 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Minor  accessory  structures  {continued). 
Primarily  for  ornamental  and  pleasure 
purposes  {contiriued) . 
Fountains,  pools,  basins,  etc.  {continued). 

3448  Pools,  basins,  garden  canals  (if  simply 

elongated  basins),  "  fish  ponds,"  etc. 

Cf.  1680. 

3449  Swimming  pools. 

3450  Cascades. 

Artificial.    Cf.  1696. 

3451  Water  ramps. 

3452  Garden  aqueducts. 

Monumental  aqueducts  would  be  (■lassifio<l  under 
Bridges,  3500 +  . 

3455  Well-heads. 

3458  Bird-baths. 

3460  Statuary,  etc. 

3461  Allegorical  statuary. 

3462  Human  figures. 

3463  Hermae. 

3464  Animals. 

3465  Urns,  vases,  etc.,  ornamental  plant  pots, 

and  boxes. 

3466  For  herbaceous  plants.    Flower  pots  and 

boxes.     Window  boxes. 

Cf  2040,  2795. 

3467  For  trees  and  shrubs.    Tree  boxes,  pots, 

etc. 

C.  2038. 

3468  Lanterns. 

E.  g.,  Japanese. 

3469  Gazing  globes. 

3470  Sundials. 
3472  Garden  arches. 

(3475)  (Trelhses,  treillage,  decorative  lattice  work.) 

See  3430toL3. 
3480  Outdoor  seats,  tables,  etc. 

Cf.  6037,  etc. 

3482  Seats,  benches,  etc. 

3484  Exedrae. 

3486  Tables,  etc. 

64 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 

3490  C.\NALS,  Moats,  etc. 

3491  Canals. 

Cf.   Naturalistic  canals  classified  under  Rivers,  1( 
and  Garden  canals,  3448,  3452. 


3492 

Moats. 

3495 

Dams. 

Bridges. 

3500 

General. 

Special  materials. 

3500  wl 

Wood. 

ml.  5 

Rustic. 

mS 

Masonry,  etc. 

m4 

Brick. 

m5 

Stone. 

7«6 

Concrete.     Reinforced  concrete. 

?«8 

Metal. 

m9 

Combinations. 

3505 

Design. 

3510 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

3515 

Special  forms. 

FoUowing  Librar>-  of  Congress  Classification,  where 
subtopics  occur  as  follows:  — 

3.51ti 
3517 
3518 
3519 
3520 
3521 
3522 
3523 
3524 

.\rehes  and  arched  bridges. 

Beams  and  girders. 

Trestles. 

Trussed  bridges. 

Cantilever. 

Tubular. 

Suspension. 

Draw. 

Other. 

3525 

Special  uses. 

3526 

Road. 

3527 

Foot. 

3529 

Railroad. 

3534 

Other. 

Tunnels. 

3550 

General. 

3556 

Road  tunnels. 

3557 

Foot. 

3559 

Railroad. 

3564 

Other. 

65 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Roads,  paths,  etc.     Ways. 

Cf.  NAC  2050+,  and  Library  of  Congress  Class  TE. 

3t)00  General. 

3601  Cleneral  special. 


3602 
3603 


3604 
3605 

3606 
(3607) 
3608 

(3609) 

3610 


3610ml 
w4 
m5 
mQ 
mQ.2 
r«6.5 
m7.5 
mS.5 
m9 

3613 


Cf.  570. 

General. 

Topographical  considerations. 

Adaptation  to  topography  in  location,  form,  and 
gradient. 

Traffic  considerations. 

Adaptation  to  traffic  in  form,  width,  and  surface. 

Form  on  plan.     Curves,  turns,  angles  and 
junctions. 

Cf.  3627. 

Cross-section.     Width.     Crown. 
(Surface  treatment.)    See  3610+ . 
Roadside  grading. 

Including  berms.     Cf.  1780. 

(Roadside  planting.)    See  1848. 
Construction  and  maintenance.    Pavements. 
General. 

Including  questions  of  types  of  road  surface,  dura- 
bility, ease  of  repair,  relation  to  traffic,  water  runoff, 
heat  and  cold,  etc.,  and  also  choice  of  color,  te.xture, 
etc.    Cf.  3615. 

Special  materials. 

Adapted,   with  as  little  change  as  possible,  to 
avoid  conflict  with  table  given  3000?nl,  etc. 

Wood. 

Brick.     Tile. 

Stone. 

Cement.    Cement  concrete. 

Asphalt.     Bituminous. 

Coal  tar. 

Broken  stone.    Telford.     Macadam. 

Earth,  gravel,  cinder. 

Other. 

Turf,  tan  bark,  shells,  etc. 

Road  binders, 
ing. 

66 


Dust  prevention.     Water- 


CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Roads,  paths,  etc.  (continued). 

Construction  and  maintenance,  etc.  (contin^d). 
3615  Decorative  surface  treatment.    Ornamental 

pavements. 

Ill    general,    including    ornamental    pavements    of 
courts,  etc.    Cf.  note  under  3610  above,  and  3642. 

3620  Details. 

E.  g.,  Planting  strips.    Curbs.    Gutters.     Buffers. 
Cf.  subdivision:  Details  under  Pipes,  etc., 3728, 3733, 


3743,  etc. 

3622 

Road  signs. 

Roads. 

Cf.  6039,  etc. 

3625 

General. 

3627 

Entrance   roads.     Approach   roads.      En- 

trance turns.     "  Front  turns."     Turn 

arounds. 

Cf.  3605. 

3627.1 

Forecourts. 

3628 

Service  roads.     Service  turns. 

Cf.  3132,  3605. 

3631 

Causeways. 

3632 

"  Woodroads." 

3633 

Lanes. 

3634 

Bridle  paths. 

3635 

Bicycle  paths. 

3636 

Trails. 

Footpaths.     Paths.     Walks. 

Cf.  4331,  6039,  etc. 

3640 

General. 

3642 

Ornamental  pavement  of  walks  and  paths. 

Cf.  361.'-.. 

3643 

Entrance  walks  and  paths. 

3645 

Paths  for  rock  planting. 

3646 

Stepping  stones. 

(3648) 

(Steps.)     See  3375  +  . 

Pipes,  Conduits,  Wires. 

Cf.  NAC2850  +  . 

3700  General. 

3710  Pipes.    Piping.    Subsurface  utilities. 

Including  electric  conduits. 
67 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  (continued). 
Pipes,  Conduits,  Wires  (continued). 


3715 
3718 

Wires.     Wiring. 

Overhead  wires.    Pole  lines. 

(3720) 

Special  utilities. 
Water  supply. 

Water  pipes. 

3725 

3728 

General. 
Details. 

A',  g.,  Hydrants.    Cf.  344.5  +  . 

Sewerage,  drainage,  and  irrigation. 

Sewer  and  drain  pipes. 

3730 
3733 

General. 
Details. 

E.  g.,  manholes. 

3735 
3738 

Sewerage  and  sewage  treatment. 
General. 
Details. 

3740 
3741 
3743 

Surface  drainage.    Storm-water  drainage. 
General. 
Rainfall  data. 
Details. 

E.  g.,  Drain-inlets,  catch-basins,  culverts,  etc. 

Subsurface  drainage. 

Cf.  1854. 

3745 
3748 

General. 

Details. 

Irrigation. 

Cf.  1S.54  +  . 

3750 
3753 

General. 
Details. 

3755 
3758 
3760 
3762 
3763 

Lighting,  heating,  and  power. 
General. 
Details. 
Lighting. 
Heating. 

Central  heating. 
68 

CLASSIFICATION 

Elements  ...  in  landscape  .  .  .  {continued). 
Pipes,  Conduits,  Wires  (continued). 

Lighting,  heating,  and  power  (continued). 
(3764)  (Power.)     See  3773. 

3768  Gas  Ughting  and  heating. 

Gas  pipes. 

3772  Electric  lighting,  heating  and  power. 

Electric  conduits,  poles  and  wires.     For  over- 
head wires,  let  3718  attract. 


3773 

Electric  power  supply. 

Telephone. 

3775 

General. 

3778 

Details. 

Other. 

3795 

General. 

3798 

Details. 

3800 

Other  elements. 

38L5 

People. 

E.  g.,  crowds  as  an  element  in  design,  as  at  Versailles. 

3825  Animals. 

E.  g.,  Sheep  in  the  landscape,  Waterfowl,  etc. 

3840  Other. 


Types    of   l.\ndscape.      Landscape    characters. 
Natural  scenery.   "  Free  landscape." 

Cf.  1050.     A  few  examples  only  are  given  to  suggest  the  kind 
of  topics  which  may  be  added  by  the  individual  user. 

3900        General. 

3905        General  special. 

3910        Types  according  to  dominant  ground  forms 

AND    topography. 

3915  Prairies. 

3920        Types  .\ccording  to  dominant  vegetation. 
3925  Woodland  types.     Esthetic  forestrv. 

Cf.  214.5. 

3930        Types  according  to  cumate. 
3935  Tropical  landscape. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Types  of  landscape  (continued). 
3940        Types  according  to  effect  of  human  occupa- 
tion AND   activities. 

3945  Pastoral  landscape.     Pastures. 

3948  Meadow  landscape.     Meadows. 

3975        Types   according   to    locality.      Geographical 
arrangement. 

Use   Geographical    Talilo,   with   y. ;     c.  g.,  New  England, 


Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples. 

4000  General.     Collective. 

4001  Special  countries. 

Use  here  Geographical  Table  with  g,  which  may  also  be 
used  throughout  types  lor  local  material,  including  plans 
and  photofcraphs.  /•.'.  </.,  a  portfolio  of  German  designs  of 
various  ty|)es  woul<i  be  ll)()lg99. 

Gardens. 
4200  General.     CoUective. 

4202  General  special. 

Including  definition  of  term  "  garden." 

Pleasure  gardens. 
4225  General. 

Put  here  light  and  very  general   literature;   e.  g.,  the 
garden  in  poetry,  etc. 

4320  Special  aspects. 

Use  of  gardens  for  social  purposes,  fetes,  etc. 

Design. 
4250  General. 

See  note  under  4700,  which  number  should  be  al- 
lowed to  attract  books  on  estate  as  well  as  garden 
design.    Cf.  490.5.3. 


Theory  of  design  as  applied  to  gardens. 

4260 

General. 

Styles  of  gardens. 

4270 

General. 

4272 

Formal. 

4273 

Informal. 

4274 

Naturalistic. 

Cf.  44.39. 

CLASSIFICATION 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  (continued). 
Gardens  {continued). 
Pleasure  gardens  {continued). 
Design  {continued). 

Styles  of  gardens  {continued) . 
(4280)  (Special  styles.)     See  210 +  ,  History 

and  historic   styles  of  landscape 
design. 

If,  however,  a  special  collection  on  gardens  is 
being  made,  the  same  relation  of  numbers  as 
in  210+  can  be  used  here  to  develop  the  history 
of  gardens  in  detail. 

Composition  of  the  garden.- 
4320  General. 

4325  Compositional  elements. 

4327  Boundaries.     Entrances. 

Cf.  1192. 

4331  Surface  decoration.  Beds,  turf  areas, 

paths,  etc. 

Cf.  1194. 

4335  Objects  marking  points  of  interest. 

Cf.  119(1 

4350  Gardens  in  special  environnients. 
In  relation  to: 

4351  Climate  and  atmosphere. 

E.  g.,  Tropical  gardens. 

4352  Topography. 

4354  Waterside  gardens. 

Cf.  1838,  1996-1997.  olc,  4442,  etc 

4355  Seashore  gardens. 

Cf.  1839,  2000,  etc.,  elc,  2011,  etc. 

4358  Gardens  on  flat  topography. 

4360  Gardens    on    uneven,    rough,    rocky 

topography. 
4362  Hillside  gardens. 

Terraced  gardens. 

4364  Hilltop  gardens. 

(4370)  (Plants.     Vegetation.)     See  4400 +. 

71 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  {continued). 
Gardens  {continued). 

Pleasure  gardens  {continued). 
Design  {continued). 
In  relation  to  {continued). 


4380 

Structures. 

4382 

Dooryard  gardens. 

4384 

Backyard  gardens. 

4386 

Courtyard    gardens.      Interior    coui 

gardens. 

4388 

Roof  gardens. 

4390 

Gardens  at  special  seasons  or  hours. 

4391 

Seasons.     Seasonal  effects. 

Cf.  1157,  1834,  1975,  etc. 

4392 

Spring. 

4393 

Summer. 

4394 

Autumn. 

4395 

Winter. 

4396 

Hours. 

4397 

Day. 

4398 

Night.     Night  effects. 

Including  lighting  of  gardens.    Cf.  11.54. 

4400 

Gardens  of  special  plant  materials. 

Cf.  1800  +  . 

4405 

Exhibition  gardens.    Specimen  gardens. 

Cf.  1821,  etc.,  .5800  +  . 

4410 

Special  kinds  of  plants. 

4411 

Trees. 

4412 

Topiary  gardens. 

Cf.  1822. 

4413 

Wildernesses.     (Historical  term.) 

Cf.  2145. 

4414 

Orchard  gardens.    Fruit  gardens. 

Cf.  2140. 

4416 

Shrubs. 

4418 

Rose  gardens. 

Cf.  2486. 

Herbaceous  plants. 

4421 

General. 

4426 

Special  plants. 

72 

CLASSIFICATIOX 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  (continued). 
Gardens  {continued). 
Pleasure  gardeas  (continued). 
Design  (continued). 

Gardens  of  special  plant  materials  (cont'd). 
Herbaceous  plants  (continued). 

4430  Special  groups. 

4431  Annuals. 

Cf.  2781. 

4433  Perennials. 

Cf.  2783. 

4437  Bulbs. 

Cf.  2787. 

4439  Native  plants.    Wild  gardens. 

Cf.  2789. 

4441  Rock  and  alpine  plants.     Rock 

gardens.     Wall  gardens. 

Cf.  2791. 

4442  Water  plants.    Water  gardens. 

Cf.  2792. 

4443  Bog    and    marsh    plants.      Bog 

gardens. 

Cf.  2896. 

4444  Bedding  plants. 

Cf.  2794. 

4448  Scented  plants. 

Cf.  2870. 

4450  Special  color  groups. 

Color  effects  in  gardens. 

4455  Gardens  of  special  sizes  and  shapes. 

E.g.,  Small  gardens,  Sunken  gardens  (arranged  alpha- 
l)etically). 

4460  Gardens  for  special  classes  of  people. 

E.  g.,  .\rchitects'  gardens,  Children's  gardens.  School 
gardens,  etc.  (arranged  alphabetically  by  name  of 
class). 

4465  Other  special  kinds. 

E.g.,  "  Bird gardens,''gardens of  Shakesperian plants, 
"  Old-fashioned  gardens,"  etc. 

4470  Construction  and  maintenance. 

Cf.  1850 +  ,2750  +  . 

4472  Cost. 

73 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  (continued) . 
Gardens  (continued). 
Pleasure  gardens  (continued). 
Examples. 
4475  General. 

(4477)  (History.)     See  210 +  . 

4480  Description,  by  special  countries. 

Use  Geographical  Table  with  g.  This  classification 
number  may  be  used  for  plans  and  photographs, 
but  not  for  books.  Class  these  with  Estates  in 
4701 +. 

Service  gardens.  Vegetable  gardens.  Kitchen 
gardens.  Reserve  gardens,  cut-flower 
gardens,  etc. 

4525  General. 

4536  Design. 

Material  on  decorative  vegetable  gardens  may  be 
classified  here. 

4545  Construction  and  maintenance. 

(4575)  (Botanical  gardens.)    See  5800 +  . 

Private  estates.' 

Put  with  the  books  on  estates,  4700 +  ,  the  garden  books  in- 
cluding also  estates;  e.  g.,  Mawson'a  Art  and  Craft  of  Gar- 
den Making. 

4700  General.     Collective. 

4701-  Examples.    Special  countries  and  localities. 

.j.Og^  To  include  local  garden  books.    See  Geographical  arrange- 

ment, p.  93. 

4900  Design. 

For  books,  irrespective  of  size  of  estates  discussed.- 

4905  Elements. 

Put  here  only  discussion  of  these  units  as  elements  of 
the  estate.  Otherwise  use  subdivisions  in  3000 +,  as 
noted  below. 

4905.1  House  and  house  terrace. 

Of.  .3060+,  3234. 

'  Arrange  material  on  single  estates  under  name  of  place  in  which  it  is 
situated,  then  by  owner,  e.  g.,  large  estate  of  C.  S.  Sargent,  Brookline,  Mass. 
NAB  5045g27 
Brook  -  Sar  1  ' 
-  This  same  relation  of  numbers  may  be  used  for  subdividing  Design  under 
the  Types  according  to  use,  numbered  5105,  5155,  5205,  5255,  5305,  5405,  5605, 
5705,  5805,  5855,  6025.    In  the  case  of  subdivisions  of  the  other  Types  of  land- 
scape designs,  the  same  relation  of  numbers  may  be  used  as  a  decimal. 
74 


CLASSIFICATION 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  {continued). 
Private  estates  (continued). 
Design  {continued). 
Elements  {continued). 
4905.3  Pleasure    buildings    and    areas,    including 

pleasure  gardens. 

Cf.  3150  +  ,  4250  +  . 


4905.5 

Service  buildings  and  areas. 

Cf.  3100  +  . 

4905.7 

Lawns,    woods,    etc.      Natural    character 

units. 

Cf.  2735,  3900 +  . 

4905.9 

Access  and  entrances.     Circulation. 
Cf.  3600 +. 

4906 

Estates  in  special  environments.     Choice  of 

site. 
Cf.  4351 +. 

4907 

CUmate. 

4908 
4909 

Topography. 
Waterside. 

4910 

Seashore. 

4911 

Flat. 

4912 
4913 

Irregular,  rough,  rocky. 
Hillside. 

4914 

Hilltop. 

4915 

Estates  for  special  classes  of  people. 

Cf.  subdivisions  according  to  cost   in  City  Planninu 

Classification,  XAC  1694  +  . 

4918  Estates    designed    collectively. 

Cf.  4930 +  ,  4980 +,  7100,  and  N.\C  3000 +  .     I/>1  tho 
land  subdivision  n\imbers  attract. 

4920  Construction  and  maintenance. 

Estate  manjigenipnt  may  be  chussified  hero.    ("f.  0495). 

4922  Cost. 

House  lots  (up  to  one  acre). 
4925  General. 

4930  Designed  collectively. 

Cf,  4918.   Prefer  7r00. 

4935  Special  countries. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Types  op  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  (continued). 
Private  estates  (continued). 

House  lots  (up  to  one  acre)  (continued). 
(4940)  (Designed  individually.)     See  4900+ . 

4945  Special  countries. 

Plans  and  descriptions  of  individual  estates. 

Suburban  estates.     Small  estates  (one  to  ten 
acres). 
4975  General. 

4980  Designed  collectively. 

Including  Summer  polonies.     ('1.4918.     Prefer  7100. 

4985  Special  countries. 

Plans  and  descriptions  of  individual  estates. 

(4990)  (Designed  individually.)     See  4900+. 

4995  Special  countries. 

Country    estates.      Large    estates    (over    ten 
acres) . 
5025  General. 

5045  Special  countries. 

(5046)  (Special  kinds.) 

5047  Castle  grounds. 

5048  Private   estate   reserves.      Private   parks. 

Game  preserves.     Deer  parks. 

Cf.  6122. 

Farms. 
5050  General. 

5055  Design. 

5070  Construction  and  maintenance. 

Farm  management  may  be  classified  here.    Cf.  (1495). 

5075  Examples. 

5100        Country  club  grounds,  golf  clubs. 

5105  Design. 

5120  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5125  Examples. 

5150        Hotel  grounds,  country,  seashore,  etc.     Sum- 
mer hotels. 
5155  Design. 

5170  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5175  Examples. 

76 


CLASSIFICATION 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  (continued) . 
5180        Recreation  camps. 
5185  Design. 

5190  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5195  Examples. 

5200        Hospital,  asvlc.m.  sanitarium,  etc.,  grounds. 

Further  subdivision  may  be  made  here  if  desired  for  special 
types  of  asylums,  sanitariums,  etc. :  e.  j.,  Poor  farms,  Animal 
homes,  etc.  Prefer  NAB  5200+  to  NAC  4645  in  a  library 
using  both  \.\B  and  XAC  Classification  Schemes. 

5205  Design. 

5220  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5225  Examples. 

5250  College,  university,  private  school  grounds. 

5255  Design. 

5270  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5275  Examples. 

5300  Church  grounds. 

Prefer  to  NAC  4650.   Cf.  .5900  +  . 

5305  Design. 

5320  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5325  Examples. 

5400  Factory  grounds. 

Prefer  to  NAC  4655. 

5405  Design. 

5420  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5425  Examples. 

5450  Railroad  grounds. 

Including  station  grounds  and  rights  of  wav.  Prefer  to 
NAC  2487,  etc. 

5455  Design. 

5470  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5475  Examples. 

Grounds  of  public  buildings. 

Prefer  to  XAC  4623. 

5500  General.     Collective. 

5510  Capitol,    city-hall,    court-house    grounds, 

etc. 
5515  Design. 

5520  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5525  Examples. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  {continued) . 
Grounds  of  public  buildings  (continued). 
5530  Library  and  museum  grounds. 

5535  Design. 

5540  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5545  Examples. 

5550  Public  '  school  grounds. 

a.  4460,  School  gardens,  and  6560,  .School  playgrounds. 

5555  Design. 

5560  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5565  Examples. 

5590  Other. 

5600        Exposition  grounds. 

Prefer  to  NAC  3724. 
5605  Design. 

5620  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5625  Examples. 

5650  Fair  grounds,  state,  county,  and  other. 

5655  Design. 

5670  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5675  Examples. 

5700        .\musement  parks. 

Prefer  to  NAC  4290. 

5705  Design. 

5720  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5725  Examples. 

5730        Open    air    concert    gardens.     Tea  gardens. 
Outdoor  restaurants. 

Prefer  to  NAC  4280. 

5735  Design. 

5740  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5745  Examples. 

5750  ZoOLOGIC.\L    PARKS. 

Prefer  to  NAC  4270. 

5755  Design. 

5765  vBuildings,  including  Aviaries,  Aquariums,  etc. 

'  The  word  public  is  here  used  in  the  American  sense.    The  great  British 
'  public  schools  "  should  be  classified  with  private  schools,  5250+. 

78 


CLASSIFICATION 

Types  of  l.\ndscape  design,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  (continued). 
Zoological  parks  (continued). 
5770  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5775  Examples. 

5800        Botanical  gardens.     "  Museum  "  gardens. 

Prefer  to  NAC  4265. 
5805  Design. 

5820  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5825  Examples. 

5850        .Vrboretums. 
5855  Design. 

5870  Construction  and  maintenance. 

5875  Examples. 

Cemeteries. 

Prefer  to  \AC  4480  +  .     Cf.  5300+. 

5900  General.     Collective. 

5902  Proceedings  of  societies,  conferences,  etc. 

5903  Administration.    Regulations. 
Design. 

5905  General. 

5907  Styles. 

5908  Formal.     Architectural. 

5909  Informal.     Park  cemeteries. 

5910  Elements. 

5911  Ground  forms,  including  water. 

5913  Plants.     Cemeterj^  planting. 

5914  Lots. 

5915  Structures. 

5916  Monuments. 

Inoluding  headstones  and  markers.    Cf.  3440. 

5917  Buildings.       Chapels.       Columbariums. 

Mausoleums. 

5918  Roads  and  paths. 

5920  Cemeteries  in  special  environments. 

5921  According  to  climate. 

5922  According  to  topography. 
5929  According  to  race,  religion,  etc. 
5940  Construction  and  maintenance. 
5945  Examples. 

79 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  (continued). 
Drill  grounds,  etc. 


Cf.  NAC  4395. 

5950 

General. 

5955 

Design. 

5960 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

5965 

Examples. 

Public  and  semi-public  reservations,  parks, 
playgrounds,  and  other  outdoor 
public  recreation  facilities. 

Cf.  the  classification  of  Parks  and  reservations  provided 
in  the  NAC  Classification  Scheme,  4000 +  .  A  library 
using  both  N.\B  and  NAC  Schemes,  should  prefer  NAB 
6000+  for  matters  of  internal  design;  but  park  systems, 
relation  of  parks  to  distribution  of  population  and  to 
other  elements  of  the  city  plan  should  be  classified  in 
NAC  4000 +. 

6000  General.     (Collective. 

6001  General  special. 

Including  Nomenclature. 

6002  Periodicals. 

6005  Proceedings  of  Societies,  Conferences,  etc. 

6009  Statistics. 

6010  Special  aspects. 

E.  g.,  sociological,  economic.     I'se  of  parks. 

6014  Legislation. 

Creating  parks,  etc. 

Administration.     Management. 

6015  General. 

6016  Commissions. 
6018  Regulations. 
6020  Reports. 

Discussions  of  form  or  value  of  jjark  reports,  etc.  In- 
dividual local  reports  go  in  6800 +  . 

6022  Concessions. 

Granting  of  privileges,  etc.,  i .  g.,  camping  privileges. 
Cf.  5180  +  ,  .57.30+. 

6025  Design. 

The  subarrangement  of  topics  imder  Park  design. 
General,  is  repeated  under  Large  parks,  6325+,  and 
Small  parks,  6425+,  to  provide  for  a  minute  classifi- 
cation of  notes,  if  desired.  For  an  ordinary  collection 
6025+  will  be  found  more  convenient  in  use. 


CLASSIFICATION 

Ti'PES    OF   LANDSCAPE    DESIGNS,  ACCORDING    TO    USE, 

including  examples  (continued). 
Public  and  semi-public  reservations,  parks, 
ETC.  (continued). 
Design  (continued). 

6026  Sites. 

6027  Styles. 

6028  Formal. 

6029  Naturalistic.     Landscape  parks. 

Cf.  3900 +  . 

6030  Elements. 

6031  Ground  forms,  including  water. 

6033  Plants,     Park  planting. 

6034  Picnic  groves,  music  groves,  etc. 
6034.5  Gardens.    Displays  of  herbaceous  plants. 

6035  Structures. 

6036  Buildings. 

Including  rest  houses,  shelters,  band  stands, 
restaurants,  service  buildings,  etc.  Cf.  3105, 
3150  +  . 

6037  Park   furniture.      Lighting,   seats,   etc., 

statuary  and  monuments  in  parks. 

6038  Bridges. 

6039  Roads,  paths,  entrances,  etc. 
Construction  and  maintenance. 

6040  General. 

6041  Cost.     Cost  accounting. 
6045  Special  considerations. 

E.  g.,  Soil  fertility,  sprinkling.     Cf.  1853+ . 

Reservations. 

Public  reserved  land  not  developed  for  intensive  recre- 
ative use.    Prefer  to  NAC  4150  +  . 

6100  General. 

6103  Administration.     Regulations. 

6107  Examples  according  to  ownership. 

6110  National. 

National  parks  and  "  National  monuments."     Cf. 
6135,  National  forests. 

6115  State. 

Provincial  for  Canada,  etc. 

6120  County,  metropoUtan,  and  municipal. 

General  only.    Local  reports  go  in  6800 +  . 
81 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  {continued). 
Public  and  semi-public  reservations,  parks, 
ETC.  {continued). 
Reservations  {continued). 

Examples  according  to  ownership  {continued). 
6122  Private.     Club.     Proprietary. 

E.  g.,  reservations  of  Appalachian  Mountain  Club. 

6124  Other. 

Forest  and  water-supply  reservations. 

6125  General. 

Forest  reservations. 


6126 

General. 

6128 

Administration.     Regulations. 

6130 

Design. 

.  Cf.  392.-. 

6131 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

Cf.  23.50. 

6132 

Examples. 

According  to  ownership. 

6135 

National. 

National  forests.    Cf.  6110,  National  parks. 

6137 

State. 

6139 

Municipal. 

6141 

Private. 

6144 

Other. 

Water-supply     reservations.       Watershed 

reservations.     Reservoirs. 

6150 

General. 

6155 

Watershed  reservations. 

6158 

Administration.     Regulations. 

6160 

Design. 

6161 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

6162 

Examples. 

6165 

Reservoir  reservations. 

Cf.  G210+,  Lake  reservations  and  parks.    6165 

is  for  material  from  special  point  of  view  of 

water  supply. 

6168 

Administration.    Regulations, 

6170 

Design. 

82 

CLASSIFICATION 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  (continued). 
Public  and  semi-public  reservations,  parks, 
etc.  (continued). 
Forest  and  water-supply  reservations 
(continued). 
Reservoir  reservations  (continued). 

6171  Construction  and  maintenance. 

6172  Examples. 

6190  Scenic  reservations.    Preservation  of  land- 

scape. 
Shore  reservations. 

Cf.  6600 +.  Shore  reservations,  as  distinguished 
from  Recreational  waterfronts,  are  areas  not  de- 
veloped for  intensive  recreation  but  preserved 
primarily  as  naturalistic  landscape. 


6200 
6203 

General. 

Administration.    Regulations. 

6205 

Seashore  reservations. 

Cf.  1670,  6655. 

6207 
6208 
6209 

Design. 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

Examples. 

6210 

Lake  and  pond  reservations. 

Cf.  1680-t-,  6165,  6660. 

6212 
6213 
6214 

Design. 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

Examples. 

6215 

River    reservations.      Stream     reserva- 
tions.  Waterfall  reservations. 

Cf.  I690-I696,  6665. 

6217 
6218 
6219 

Design. 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

Examples. 

6230 

6232 
6233 
6234 

Hill  and  mountain  reservations.     Hilltop 
reservations. 

Cf.  17(50  +  . 

Design. 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

Examples. 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  {continued). 
Public  and  seju-public  reservations,  parks, 
ETC.  {continued). 
Places  containing  special  natural  fea- 
tures   AND    features    OF    HISTORIC    IN- 
TEREST. 

For  "  National  monuments"  as  the  term  is  used 
in  the  United  States,  prefer  61 10. 

6240  General. 

6244  Natural  features.    Natural  monuments. 

Cf.  6126+,  6200  +  . 

6246  Historic  features. 

6250  Reservations    for   the    preservation   of 

animal  and  bird  life,  .'vnd  plant  life. 
6252  Animal  life. 

6254  Bird  life.     Bird  sanctuaries. 

6256  Plant  life. 

Reservations  for  preservation  of  typical  flora. 

6260  Reservations     for     defence.        Military 

resen'ations. 
6270  Reserv^ations  for  other  special  purposes. 


Large  parks. 

Prefer  to  NAC  4240. 

6300 

General. 

6310 

Special  aspects. 

Use.    Uses  for  purposes  other  than  the  jiriniary  use,  etc 

6315 
6325 

Administration.     Regulations. 
Design. 

See  note  under  602.5. 

6326 

Sites. 

6327 
6328 

styles. 
Formal. 

6329 
6330 

Naturalistic.      Large    landscape    parks. 
Country  parks. 
Elements. 

6331 
6333 
6334 

Ground  forms,  including  water. 
Plants.     Park  planting. 
Picnic  groves.    Music  groves,  etc. 

84 

CLASSIFICATION 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  {continued). 
Public  and  semi-public  reservations,  parks, 
ETC.  {continued). 
Large  PARKS. {continued).  « 

Design  {continued). 
Elements  {continued). 

6335  Structures. 

6336  Buildings. 

6337  Park  furniture.    Lighting.    Seats,  etc. 

Statuary-  and  monuments. 

6338  Bridges. 

6339  Roads,  paths,  entrances,  etc. 

6340  Construction  and  maintenance. 

6341  Cost. 
6350               Examples. 
6353                   Formal. 

6355  Naturalistic.     Landscape  parks.     Country 

parks. 

Small    parks.      Commons,    garden    squares, 
neighborhood  parks,  public  gardens. 

Not  developed  for  active  recreation.     Prefer  to  XAC 
4250 +. 


6400 

General. 

6415 

Administration.     Regulations. 

6425 

Design. 

See  note  under  6025. 

6426 

Sites. 

6427 

Styles. 

6428 

Formal. 

6429 

NaturaUstic.    Small  landscape  parks. 

6430 

Elements. 

6431 

Ground  forms,  including  water. 

6533 

Plants.     Park  planting. 

6435 

Structures. 

6436 

Buildings. 

6437 

Park   furniture,  etc.     Statuary,  mon- 

uments, etc. 

6438 

Bridges. 

6439 

Roads,  malls,  paths,  entrances,  etc. 

85 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  (continued). 
Public  and  semi-public  reservations,  parks, 
etc.  {continued). 
Small  parks,  etc.  [continued). 

6440  Construction  and  maintenance. 

6441  Cost. 
6450                Examples. 

Playgrounds,   athletic    fields,   and   provi- 
sions  FOR  special  sports. 
Prefer  to  NAC  4300 +. 

6500  General. 

6502  Periodicals. 

6505  Proceedings  of  societies,  etc. 

6509  Statistics. 

6510  Special  aspects. 

E.  g.,  Physiological  and  social  value  of  playgrounds. 

6515  Administration.     Regulations. 

Playground  management. 

6520  Games,  etc.     Theory  of  play,  etc. 

Cf.  6580 +. 

Design. 

6525  General. 

6526  Sites. 

6527  Styles. 

6530  Elements.     Equipment,  in  general. 

6531  Ground  surface.     Surfacing. 

6532  Swimming  pools.    Wading  pools,  etc. 

6533  Plants.     Playground  planting. 

6535  Structures. 

6536  Buildings.     Gymnasiums,  fieldhouses, 

etc. 

6537  Fences.    Screens.    Details,  etc. 

6538  Apparatus. 

6539  Other. 

Including  lighting  of  playgrounds. 

6540  Construction  and  maintenance. 

6541  Cost. 

6550  Examples  according  to  types  of  use. 

6555  Recreation  centers.    Neighborhood  centers. 

Combining  provision  for  all  ages. 


CLASSIFICATION 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  {continued). 
Public  and  semi-public  reservations,  parks, 
etc.  {continued). 
Playgroltstds,  athletic  fields,  etc.  {cont'd). 
6560  School  playgrounds. 

6564  Roof  playgrounds. 

6565  Playgrounds  for  little  children.     Block  in- 

terior playground;^. 
6567  Home  playgrounds. 

6570  Restricted  playfields. 

6575  Playfields.    Athletic  fields. 

Fields   for   special   sports.      Grounds    for 
sports  and  games. 

Cf.  3198.     Data  on  sports  and  games  may  be 
grouped  here. 

6580  General. 

6581  Football.     Football  fields. 

6582  Baseball.     Baseball  fields. 

6583  Cricket.     Cricket  grounds. 

6584  Field  and  track.    Areas  for  field  events. 

Running  tracks. 

6585  Racing.     Race-tracks.     Race-courses. 

6586  Motor  race-tracks. 

6587  Polo.     Polo  fields. 

6588  Aviation.     Aviation  fields. 

6589  Golf.     Golf  courses.     Golf  links. 

6590  Tennis.     Tennis  courts. 

Cf.  3205. 

6592  Bowling    greens,    grass    rinks,    archery 

lawns,  etc. 

Cf.  3208-3212. 

6593  Provision  for  winter  sports.     Areas  for 

coasting,  tobogganing,  etc.     Ice  skat- 
ing rinks,  hockey  rinks,  etc. 

6594  Other. 

Put  here  such  provision  for  sport  as  hockey  fields, 
basket-ball  fields,  casting  pools,  etc. 

6595  Playgrounds,  etc.,  of  special  countries,  cities, 

including  special  playground  reports. 
Use  Geographical  Table  with  g. 
87 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

Types  of  landscape  designs,  according  to  use, 
including  examples  (continued). 
Public  and  semi-public  reservations,  parks, 
etc.  {continued). 
Water  parks.    Recreational  waterfronts. 

Cf.  6200 +.  Water  parks  are  developed  for  intensive 
use.  NAC  4370+  may  be  used  instead  of  NAB  G600+, 
if  it  is  desired  to  keep  Recreational  and  Commercial 
waterfronts  in  close  sequence. 


6600 
6615 
6625 
6630 
6631 

General. 

Administration.     Regulations. 
Design. 
Elements. 

Shores.     Bathing  beaches. 
Cf.  1703. 

6633 
6635 
6636 
6637 

Plants.     Waterfront  planting. 
Structures. 

Recreation  piers. 

Bath-houses  (Public). 

Cf.  3172. 

6638 

Boat-houses  (Public). 

Cf.  3170 

6639 

Other. 

6640 
6650 
6655 

Construction  and  maintenance. 
Examples. 

Seashore  parks. 

Cf.  1670,  620.5 +. 

6660 

Tjake  and  pond  parks. 

Cf.  1680+,  6210+. 

6665 
6799 

River  parks. 

Cf.  1690+,  6215  +  . 

Other. 

6800  Parks  of  special    countries   and   cities.     Geo- 

graphical arrangement. 

Including  reports  of  park  commissions.  Use  Geographical 
Table,  p.  93,  changing  the  initial  47  in  each  case  to  68 
and  48  to  69;  c.  g.,  Park  reports  of  cities  in  the  United 
States  should  be  numbered  6827.  The  Geographical 
Table  given  in  the  NAC  Classification,  p.  77,  will  be  found 
even  more  convenient,  as  it  can  be  used  for  local  park  re- 
ports exactly  as  it  stands,  prefixing  NAB. 


CLASSIFICATION 

Landscape  designs  in  larger  public  problems 
of  the  arrangement  of  land. 
7000        General. 

7100  IjAND  SUBDIVISION,  FOR  RESIDENTIAL  PURPOSES. 

Cf.  NAC  1675+,  3380+.  The  NAC  numbers  should  be 
preferred  to  NAB  7100  in  any  collection  dealing  consider- 
ably with  public  problems. 

7500        Town  and  city  planning.    Village  planning. 

Cf.  NAC  Classification.  See  description  on  p.  7  of  the 
preface  to  this  NAB  Scheme. 

8500        Regional  planning. 

Or  material  may  be  classified  in  N.\C  .5560  (a  new  num- 
ber). 

8700        Rural  planning. 

Or  material  may  be  classified  with  NAC  5560. 

8900        State  planning.     Provincial  planning. 

Or  material  may  be  classified  with  NAC  5560. 

9000        National  planning. 

Or  material  may  be  classified  with  NAC  .5560. 

9200  National  roads. 

Cf.  Library  of  Congress  Class  TE. 

(9400)  (National  parks,  forests,  etc.)    See  6110,  6135, 

etc. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 
CLASSIFICATION 

GEOGRAPHICAL  TABLE 


Adapted  from  Table  II  given  in  X  Classification  Scheme  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  and 
corresponding  to  the  geographical  table  used  in  the  City  Planning  Classification  (NAC.  See 
note  on  p.  77  of  that  scheme).  Owing  to  the  fact  that  some  of  the  changes  in  boundaries  caused 
by  the  World  War  may  not  prove  durable,  and  also  that  almost  no  recent  material  has  appeared 
from  the  countries  most  substantially  affected,  it  has  seemed  best  to  repeat  the  Table  prac- 
tically as  used  for  NAC,  giving  the  countries  as  they  existed  on  January  1,  1914,  but  italicizing 
those  areas  now  undergoing  essential  territorial  change. 


si 

America. 

West  Indies  {contmtieti). 

gs 

North  America. 

957 

Porto  Rico. 

95 

United  States. 

958 

Other. 

?6 

U.  S.  Colonial.* 

959 

South  America. 

By  sections. 

961 

-Argentine  Repubhc. 

963 

Bolivia. 

See  note  under  »27.  Cities. 

below. 

965 

Brazil. 

fflO 

New  England. 

967 

Chile. 

»11 

South. 

969 

Colombia. 

<7l4 

Central. 

971 

Ecuador. 

ffl7 

West. 

973 

Guiana. 

gl9 

Pacific  States. 

975 

Paraguay. 

?25 

States  A-Z. 

977 

Peru. 

927 

Cities  A-Z. 

979 

Uruguay. 

It  is  most  convenient  to  arrange 

981 

Venezuela. 

material  alphabetically  by  cities 

983 

Europe. 

as  far  as  possible. 

985 

Great  Britain,  England 

929 

Canada. 

987 

England.     Local. 

?31 

Mexico. 

989 

Scotland. 

!733 

Central  America. 

991 

Ireland. 

S35 

British  Honduras. 

993 

Wales. 

ff37 

Costa  Rica. 

995 

Austria-Hungan/. 

»39 

Guatemala. 

997 

France. 

941 

Honduras. 

999 

Germaiiii. 

943 

Nicaragua. 

9101 

Greece. 

945 

Salvador. 

9103 

Italy. 

946 

Panama. 

9105 

Netherlands. 

947 

AVest  Indies. 

9107 

Holland. 

949 

Bahamas. 

9109 

Belgium.     Flanders. 

951 

Cuba. 

9IIO 

PoUiMl. 

953 

Haiti. 

9III 

Russia. 

955 

Jamaica. 

9II3 

Scandinavia. 

Although  an  historical  not  a  geographical  subdi\-iaion.  it  is  used  here  for  < 

91 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Europe  —  Scandinavia  (cont'd). 

Asia.    The  Orient  (continued). 

SllS 

Denmark. 

gl51 

Southern  Asia.  India.  Ceylon 

gin 

Iceland. 

9153 

Indo-China. 

9119 

Norway. 

3I55 

French  Indo-China. 

gl21 

Sweden. 

9I57 

Indonesia.     Malaysia. 

gl25 

Spain.    Spain  and  Portugal. 

9I59 

Dutch  East  Indies. 

9125 

Portugal. 

9I6I 

Philippines. 

gl27 

Switzerland. 

9163 

Eastern  Asia. 

gl29 

T^lrkey. 

9165 

China. 

9131 

Other  Balkan  States. 

9167 

Japan. 

<7l33 

Bulgaria. 

gim 

Northern  Asia.   Siberia. 

gl35 

Montenegro. 

Ru.isia  in  Asia. 

<7l37 

Rumania. 

9I73 

Africa. 

ffl39 

Serbia. 

9I75 

North. 

ffl41 

Others. 

9I77 

South. 

9143 

Asia.     The  Orient. 

9I79 

Australia. 

ffU.i 

Southwestern  Asia. 

Levant. 

9I8I 

New  Zealand. 

Asia  Minor.   Turkey 

in  Asia. 

9183 

Pacific  Islands. 

9147 

Persia. 

9184 

Special  A-Z. 

gU9 

Central  Asia. 

ESTATES  AND  GARDENS 


GEOGRAPHICAL  ARRANGEMENT 


under  Geographical  Table. 


4701 

America. 

South  America  (continued). 

4703 

North  America. 

4775 

Paraguay. 

4705 

United  States. 

4777 

Peru. 

4706 

U.  S.  Colonial.* 

4779 

Uruguay. 

By  sections. 

4781 

Venezuela. 

To  be  used  only  if  desired. 
See  note  under  4727.   Cities. 

4783 

Europe. 

4710 
4711 
4714 

New  England. 

South. 

Central. 

4785 
4787 
4789 

Great  Britain.     England. 
England.     Local. 
Scotland. 

4717 

West. 

4791 

Ireland. 

4719 
4725 
4727 

Pacific  States. 
States  A-Z. 
Cities  A-Z. 

4793 
4795 
4797 

Wales. 
Austria-Hungary. 
France. 

4799 

Germany. 

It  is  most  convenient  to  arrange 

material  alphabetically  by  cities 

4801 

Greece. 

as  far  as  possible. 

4803 

Italy. 

4729 

Canada. 

4805 

Netherlands. 

4731 

Mexico. 

4807 

Holland. 

4733 

Central  America. 

4809 

Belgium.     Flanders. 

4735 

British  Honduras. 

4810 

Poland. 

4737 

Costa  Rica. 

4811 

Riuf-fia. 

4739 

Guatemala. 

4813 

Scandinavia. 

4741 

Honduras. 

4815 

Denmark. 

4743 

Nicaragua. 

4817 

Iceland. 

4745 

Salvador. 

4819 

Norway. 

4746 

Panama. 

4821 

Sweden. 

4747 

West  Indies. 

4823 

Spain.    Spain  and  Portugal. 

4749 

Bahamas. 

4825 

Portugal. 

4751 

Cuba. 

4827 

Switzerland. 

4753 

Haiti. 

4829 

Turkey. 

4755 

Jamaica. 

4831 

Other  Balkan  St(Ue.i. 

4757 

Porto  Rico. 

4833 

Bulgaria. 

4758 

Other. 

4835 

Montenegro. 

4759 

South  America. 

4837 

Rumania. 

4761 

Argentine  Republic. 

4839 

Serbia. 

4763 

Bolivia. 

4841 

Others. 

4765 

Brazil. 

4843 

Asia.     The  Orient. 

4767 

Chile. 

4845 

Southwestern  Asia.    Levant 

4769 

Colombia. 

Asia  Minor.    Turkey  in  Asia 

4771 

Ecuador. 

4847 

Persia. 

4773 

Guiana. 

4849 

Central  Asia. 

subdivision,  it  is  used  here  for  convenience. 

9 

3 

LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Asia.    The  Orient  {continiKd). 

Asia.     The  Orient  (conlimwd) 

4851 

Southern  Asia.  India.  Ceylon. 

4869 

Northern  Asia.    Siberia. 

4853 

Indo-China. 

Russia  in  Asia. 

4855 

French  Indo-Chin.i. 

4873 

Africa. 

4857 

Indonesia.     Malaysia. 

4875 

North. 

4859 

Dutch  East  Indies. 

4877 

South. 

4861 

Philippines. 

4879 

Australia. 

4863 

Eastern  Asia. 

4881 

New  Zealand. 

4865 

CJhina. 

4883 

Pacific  Islands. 

4867 

.lapan. 

4884 

Special  A-Z. 

ALPHABETIC  LIST  OF  SUBJECT  HEADINGS 

AND 

INDEX  TO  THE  CLASSIFICATION  SCHEME 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

ALPHABETIC  LIST  OF  SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 
TO  THE  CLASSIFICATION  SCHEME 


INTRODUCTORY  NOTE 

The  following  list  of  topics  sen'es  as  an  alphabetic  index 
to  subjects  covered  in  the  classification  scheme  and  also  as 
a  set  of  standard  subject  headings  which  may  be  used  for  a 
card  index  or  dictionary  catalogue  in  office  or  library.  The 
standard  form  of  subject  heading  selected  to  designate  each 
topic  is  indicated  by  the  appearance  of  a  number  (or  num- 
bers) directly  after  the  heading.  From  all  other  topics 
given,  cross-references  (beginning,  "  see  ")  have  been  made 
to  these  chosen  subject  headings.  In  addition  "  See  also  " 
cross-references  have  been  suggested  for  the  user's  con- 
venience. In  case  a  card  index  is  made  according  to  the 
standard  subject  headings,  these  see  also  references  would 
point  the  way  to  books  or  pictures  indexed  under  the  affili- 
ated topics  referred  to. 

The  parenthesis  about  numbers  has  been  used  to  indicate 
a  place  usually  less  desirable  for  classifjing  material  than 
the  other  number  or  numbers  given  for  the  same  topic.  In 
the  case  of  Plants,  the  construction  of  the  classification 
scheme  makes  it  possible  to  classify  very  minutely,  if  de- 
sired; but  usually  the  numbers  in  parentheses  for  Plant 
topics  can  be  disregarded  for  ordinary  librarj'  purposes. 
^Micre  two  or  more  numbers  (none  being  in  parentheses) 
are  given  for  a  topic,  these  alternative  numbers  should  be 
looked  up  in  the  Classification  Scheme  itself  and  a  choice 
made  before  materials  is  actually  classified. 

The  chosen  form  of  subject  headings  for  topics  appearing 
in  the  Summary  Outline  to  the  Classification  Scheme  are 
designated  by  double  stars  in  this  index. 

Subheads  have  been  shown  in  italic  type,  conforming  to 
Library  of  Congress  practice.     They  should  be  underlined 
when  used  in  card  index  headings. 
97 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

There  are  a  number  of  standard  subheads  which  may  be 
used  with  many  major  topics  —  such  subheads  as  Bibliog- 
raphy; Construction  and  maintenance;  Construction  and 
maintenance.  Cost;  Design;  Nomenclature;  Plans;  Statis- 
tics; etc.;  and  similarly  Geographical  subdivisions.  These 
have  been  printed  in  the  following  list  only  where  found 
justified  by  amount  of  existing  reference  material.  They 
may,  however,  be  used  as  freely  as  necessary,  in  a  way 
similar  to  that  shown.  See  under  Landscape  architecture, 
or  Parks. 


ALPHABETIC  LIST  OF  SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND 
INDEX  TO  THE  CLASSIFICATION  SCHEME 


>  numbers  of  topics  in  the  scheme 


Accents,  in  landscape  composition, 
see  Landscape  composition, 
1196. 

Access,  see  Roads;  Paths,  etc.;  3600- 
(3648). 

Accounting,  Park,  see  Parks  —  Con- 
struclion  and  mainlcnana:.  Cost 
accounUng,  6041. 

Accounting  systems  in  landscape 
architect's  office,  see  Land- 
scape architecture  —  Profes- 
sional practice.  Office  organi- 
zation and  equipment,  1234. 

Addresses  on  landscape  architecture, 
see  Landscape  architecture; 
Landscape  architecture  —  Lec- 
liircs,  265-270. 

Advertising,  in  professional  practice 
of  landscape  architecture,  see 
Landscape  architecture  —  Pro- 
fessioiud  practice.  Advertising  j 
and  publicity,  1223.  ] 

Aerial  perspective,  see  Atmosphere  — 
In  landscape  composition,  1156. 

Aerial  photography,  see  Photography, 
Aerial,  1244. 

Aerial     surveying,      see     Surveying, 
Photographic,  Aerial,  1244. 

Alices,  2130-2131. 

Sec  also  Pleached  alleys. 

Aliihabets,  see  Lettering,  1310. 

Alpine  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Alpine, 
4441. 

Alpine  plants,  see  Plants,  Alpine,  2003. 

American  Colonial  styles  of  landscape 
design,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.  A  merican  Colonial, 2'i9g6. 

American  landscape  stj-le,  see  Land- 
scape design — Styles.  American 
landscape  style.    Olmsted,  239. 


Amphitheaters,  3198. 

See  cd-'io  Stadiums;  Theaters, 
Outdoor. 

Amusement  parks,**  5700-5725. 

Ancient  historj^  of  landscape  archi- 
tecture, see  Landscape  archi- 
tecture—  History.  .Ancient, 
215-224. 

Animals  —  In  landscape,  3825. 

Animals** — Reservations  for  prptec- 
tion,  6252. 

Announcements,  Professional,  of  the 
landscape  architect,  see  Land- 
scape architecture  —  Profes- 
sional practice.  Announce- 
ments, 1224. 

Annuals  (herbaceous  plants),  see  Her- 
baceous plants.  Annual,  2781. 

Apiaries,  3117. 

Appreciation  of  landscape,  see  Land- 
scape appreciation,  1020. 

Aquariums,  5765. 

Aquatic  plants,  see  Plants,  Water, 
(1997),  2792. 

Aqueducts,  Garden,  3452. 

Arborescent  plants,  see  Shrubs,  24(K)- 
2650. 

Arboretums,**  5850^5875. 
See  also  Botanical  gardens. 

Arboriculture,  2150. 

Sec  also  Forests  and  forestry; 
Horticulture;  Tree  planting; 
Trees. 

Arbors,  3160. 

See  also  Peregolas;  Pleached 
alleys;   Seats,  Covered. 

Archery  lawns,  3212,  6592. 

Arches,  Garden,  see  Garden  arches, 
3472. 

'■  .\rehitecturar'  styles  of  landscape 
design,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Stvle.'s.     Formal,  1036. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Architecture     (Library    of    Congress 
Classification,  NA). 
See  also  Buildings. 

Architecture,  Domestic  (NA). 
See  also  Houses. 

Architecture,  Public  (NA). 
See  also  Public  buildings. 

Arctic  vegetation,  see  Vegetation^  Arc- 
tic, 1985,  etc. 

Artificial  rockwork,  see  Rockwork, 
Artificial,  1775. 

Asphalt  pavements,  see  Pavements, 
Asphalt,  3610m6.2. 

Asylums  —  Grounds,  see  Hospitals, 
asylums,  etc.  —  Grounds, 
5200-5225. 

Athletic  fields,**  6575. 

5«e  aJso  Playgrounds;  Sports  and 
games  —  Grounds. 

Atmosphere  —  In  landscape  composi- 
tion, 1156,  1540. 
See  also  Sky,  clouds,  etc. 

Atmospheric  perspective,  see  Atmos- 
phere —  In  landscape  compo- 
sition, 1156. 

Automobile  camping  grounds,  see 
Camps,  Recreation,  5180-5195. 

Automobiles,  3604. 

See  also  Parks  —  Roads  and  paths, 
Roads;  Turnarounds. 

Autumn  foliage,  see  Plants  —  Foliage 
Autumn,  1918;  Trees  —  Sea- 
sonal appearance.  Autumn 
2218. 

Autumn  gardens,  see  Gardens  —  Sea- 
sonal effects.    Autumn,  4394. 

Avenues,  .see  AUdes,  2130;  Roads, 
entrance  to  estates,  etc.,  3627. 

Aviaries,  5765. 

Aviation  fields,  6588. 

A.xial  arrangements  —  //;  landscape 
composition,  1182. 


Babylonian  gardens,  .see  Gardens, 
Ancient;  Landscape  architec- 
ture—  History.  Ancient;  Land- 
scape design —  Styles.  Egyptian 
and  Mesopotamian;  217. 

Backgrounds,  in  landscape  composi- 
tion, see  Landscape  composi- 
tion, 1179. 


,  3348. 

See  also  Baseball  grounds;  Ten- 
nis courts;  etc. 

Backyard  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Back- 
yard, 4384. 

Balance  in  landscape  composition,  see 
Landscape  composition,  1123- 
1126,  1182. 

Balustrades,  3315. 
See  also  Parapets. 

Bandstands,  3159 

Banks  (Earth),  1782-1784. 

<See  also  Beaches;  Boulder  banks; 
Cliffs;  Earthwork;  Embank- 
ments; Shores;  Slopes. 

Bark,  see  Plants  —  Bark,  1930,  etc. 

Barns  and  barnyards,  see  Farm  build- 
ings; Stables  and  stableyards; 
3105. 

Baroqu<'  ii(:ili:in)  ^lvle  of  landscape 
(icMiiii.  :-:i  i>:iH(lscape  design  — 
N////.  s.  Iliilian  Renaissance. 
Baroque,  232. 

Baseball  fields,  6582. 

Basins,  see  Pools,  basins,  etc.,  3448- 
3449. 

Basketball  fields,  6594. 

Bath-houses,  3172. 

Bath-houses,  Public,  6637. 

Bathing  beaches,  6631. 

Bays,  see  Shores,  1701. 

Beaches,  1702-1705. 

See  also  Bathing  beaches, 

"  Beautiful,"  The,  see  Landscape  de- 
sign —  Esthetic  theory;  Land- 
scape effects;  1065. 

Beauty,  in  landscape,  see  Landscape 
design  —  Esthetic  theory,  1010- 
1079. 

Bedding  plants,  2794. 
See  also  Carpet  beds. 

Beds  ( Plant) ,  see  Bedding  plants,  2794 ; 
Carpet  beds,  2733;  Herbaceous 
beds  and  borders,  2724,  2731; 
Shrub  beds,  2423. 

Bee-attracting  plants,  see  Plants,  Bee- 
attracting,  2060. 

Beehives,  see  Apiaries,  3117. 

Benches,  Garden,  see  Seats,  Garden, 
3482. 

Berms,  see  Banks  (Earth),  1782-1784; 
Roadside  grading,  3608. 


100 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Berries,  see.  Plants  —  Fruit,  1925,  etc. 
Bibliography    of   landscape   architec- 
ture,  see   Landscape   architec- 
ture —  Bibliography,  0. 

Bicycle  paths,  3635. 

Biennials  (herbaceous  ])lants),  .see 
Herbaceous  plants,  Biennial, 
2782. 

Billboards,  575. 

Biography  of  landscape  architecture, 
see  Landscape  architecture  — 
Biography,  200-205. 

Bird-attracting  plants,  xee  Plants, 
Bird-attracting,  2059. 

Bird-baths,  3458. 

Bird  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Bird,  44(55. 

Bird-houses,  3115. 

Bird  sanctuaries,**  6254. 

Birdseye  perspectives,  see  Perspective 
drawings,  Birdseye,  1274. 

Birdseye  views,  .see  Perspective  draw- 
ings, Birdseye,  1274. 

Bituminous  pavements,  see  Pave- 
ments, Bituminous,  3610m6.2. 

"  Black-line  "  prints,  see  Reproduction 
of  drawings  —  Prints,  1304. 

Blasting,  1434. 

Block-interior  playgrounds,  see  Play- 
grounds, Block-interior,  6565. 

Blue  prints,  see  Reproduction  of  draw- 
ings—Prin(«,  1.301. 

Boat-houses,  3170. 

Boat-houses,  Public,  6638. 

Boat-landings,  3171. 

Bog  and  marsh  plants,  see  Plants,  Bog 
and  marsh,  1996,  etc. 

Bog  gardens,  .see  Gardens,  Bog  and 
marsh,  4443. 

Bogs,  see  Marshes,  1720-1726. 

Border  plantations,  1824,  2124,  2424. 
See  also  Windbreaks. 

Borders,  Box,  .see  Edgings,  Bo.x,  2429 

Borders,  Herbaceous,  see  Herbaceous 
beds  and  borders,  2724. 

Bosquets,  2145. 

See  also  Woodlands. 

Botanical  gardens,**  580O-.5825. 

Boulder  banks,  1782. 

Boulder  beaches,  see  Beaches,  1705. 

Boulders,  see  Rocks  —  In  landscape, 
1771. 

Boundaries,  in  landscape  composition. 


.see     Landscape     composition, 
1192. 
Boundary    plantations,     see    Border 

plantations,  1824,  etc. 
BowUng  greens,  3211,  6592. 
Bowling   rinks,   see   Bowling   greens, 

3211,  6592. 
Box  edgings,  see  Edgings,  Box,  2429. 
Boxes,    Plant,   see   Flower   pots   and 
boxes;    Tree  boxes,  pots,  etc.; 
Window  boxes;  3465-3467. 
Brick,  3000»i4. 
Brick     pavements,     see    Pavements, 

Brick,  3610m4. 
Bridges,**  3500-3.534. 

See  also  Parks  —  Bridges, 
Bridges,  Draw,  3523. 
Bridges,  Foot,  3.527. 
Bridges,  Railroad,  3.529. 
Bridges,  Road,  3.526. 
Bridle  paths,  3634. 

Broken  stone   (as  material  of  roads 
and  paths),  .see  Roads,  Broken 
stone,  3610;n7.5. 
Bronzework,  3000m8. 
Brooks,  1694. 
Buffers,  3620. 

.See  aUo  Gates  and  gateways,  En- 
trance to  estates,  etc. 
Building  groups,  3054. 
Building  groups.  Residential,  3054.5. 
.See    also     Estates     (Private)  — 
Grouping. 
Buildings,**  .3050-3090. 

See  also  Cemeteries  —  Buildings; 
Farm  buildings;  Parks  —  Build- 
ings; Playgrounds  —  Build- 
ings; Pleasure  buildings  and 
structures;  Public  buildings; 
Service  buildings  and  struc- 
tures. 
Buildings  —  Adaptation  to  topography, 

3050. 
Buildings  —  In  landscape,  3050. 
Buildings,  Plantations  in  relation  to, 
see   Plantations  —  Relation   to 
buildings,  1841. 
Bulbous  plants,  2787. 

See  also  Gardens,  Bulb. 
Bulbs,  see  Bulbous  plants,  2787. 
Bulkheads,     see     Shores  —  Structural 
treatment,  3255. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Camps,**  Recreation,  5180-5195. 
See  also  Parks  —  Concessions. 
Canals,**  3491. 
Canals,  Garden,  see  Pools,  basins,  etc., 

3448. 
Capitols  ** — Grounds,  5510-5525. 
Carpet  beds,  2733. 

See  also  Bedding  plant.s;  Knots; 
Parterres. 
Cartouches,  1313. 
Cascades  (Artificial),  3450. 

See  also  Waterfalls. 
Casini,  see  Pavilions,  shelters, etc. ,  3 1 55. 
Casting  pools,  (3594. 
Castles  —  Grounds,  5047. 
Catalogues  (Nursery  and  other  deal- 
ers), see  Landscape  architecture 
—  Professional  practice.     Office 
organization     and     equipment; 
Nurseries  (Plant)  —Catahgiies; 
1238. 
Catch-basins,  3743. 
Causeways,  3631. 
Cement  concrete,  see  Concrete,  3000m 

6. 
Cement   pavements,   see   Pavements, 

Cement  concrete,  3(il0m6. 
Cement  stucco,  see  Stucco,  3000m2. 
Cemeteries,  ♦•  5900-5945. 

—  Administration,  5903. 

—  Buildings,  5917. 

—  Construction     and    maintenance, 

5940. 

—  Design,  5905-5929. 

—  Lots,  5914. 

—  Monuments,    see    Monuments  — 

In  cemeteries,  5916. 

—  Planting,  5913. 

—  Roads  and  paths,  5918. 

—  Societies,  5902. 
Central  heating,  see  Heating  —  Cen- 
tral .station  systems,  3763. 

Character,  Landscape,  see  Landscape 
character,  1050-1055. 

Charges,  Professional,  of  landscape 
architect,  see  Landscape  archi- 
tecture —  Professional  prac- 
tice.    Charges,  1212. 

Chemical  fertilizers,  see  Fertilizers, 
1853.3. 


Children's  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Chil- 
dren's, 4460. 

Chinese  styles  of  landscape  design,  see 
Landscape  design  —  Sti/lcs. 
Chinese,  244. 

Churches  **~  Grounds,  5300-5325. 

Cinders  (as  material  of  roads  and 
paths),  see  Roads,  Cinder, 
3610m8.5. 

City-halls  **— Grounds,  5510-5525. 

("ity  planning**  (see  complete  sepa- 
rate classification  scheme, 
NAC),i  7500. 

Classic  styles  of  landscape  design,  see 
Landscape        design  —  Stijles. 

CJn^yir.  210,   1042. 

Classifi(:il  li.ii  nl  liiiiiscape  architec- 
•iiii-.  ..  l„iiHlscape  architec- 
ture      a,i;.siJication,  254. 

Clay  soil.  Plants  enduring,  see  Plants, 
Clay-loving,  2001,  etc. 

Clearing  the  ground,  see  Landscape 
construction  and  maintenance, 
1410. 

Clients,  see  Landscape  architecture  — 
Professioiinl  practice,  1217- 
1219. 

Cliffs,  1774. 

Climate,  Effect  on  landscape  design, 
sec  Landscape  design  —  Style, 
1 03 1 ;  Plants  —  Ennromnents, 
1851.1,  1981,  etc. 

Clima.x,  in  landscape  composition,  .see 
Landscape  composition,  1111. 

Climbers,  see  Vines,  climbers,  etc., 
1885,  etc. 

Clipped  allies,  see  AUfes,  2131. 

Clippings,  Landscape  architecture 
(General  collections),  290. 

Cloister  garths,  see  Gardens,  Monas- 
tic, 226. 

Clouds,  see  Sky,  clouds.etc,  1540-1550. 

Clubs,  Country,  see  Country  clubs  — 
Groimds,  5100-5125. 

Clumps,  see  Tree  and  shrub  groups, 
1823,  2123,  2423. 

Coasting  grounds,  see  Winter  sports, 
Areas  for,  6293. 

Code  of  ethics  of  landscape  architect, 
see   Landscape   architecture  — 
Professional  practice,  1211. 
(  "  Described  on  p.  7. 

102 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 

Cold  frames,   see  Hotbeds  and  cold  I  Congresses  on  landscape  architecture, 
frames,  (1864),  3145.  1  see   Landscape   architecture — 

College   courses   in   landscape   archi-  j  Conffresses,  {40)-46. 

tecture,   see  Landscape   archi- |  Conifers,  see  Trees,  Evergreen,  2208. 
tecture  — AW^  and  ^cacWng,  |  Conservatories,       see       Greenhouses 
935  ,  (1864),  3140. 

Colleges,"  schools  (private),  etc. -!  Construction,   Landscape,   see   Land- 
Grounds  5250-5275.  scape  construction  and  main- 
tenance, 1400-(1490). 
(instruction,   Materials  of,  see  Ma- 
terials of  construction,  3000»i 
1-9. 
(instruction  plans,   see  Plans,  Con- 
struction, 1278. 
Clontractors,  1221. 

See  also  Labor;   Nurserj-men, 
Ck)ntracts  and  specifications,  1344. 


Colonial  gardens,  see  Gardens  —  U.  S. 
Colonial,  4706;  Landscape  de- 
sign—  Slyles.  American  Co- 
lonial, 249^. 

Colonnades,  Free-standing,  31(>4. 

Color  —  In  gardens,  see  Gardens  — 
Color  effects,  4450. 

Color  —  In  landscape  composition, 
1147 


^^^J'  .fl-<,.i„.l  Contrast,   in   landscape   composition, 

,S'ee  a/so  Gardens  -  Co/or  eifec/*,  ,ee    Landsca,>e       composition, 


see    Landscaije       composition, 
Plants  —  Color.  ^^^j 

Color -/«  representation,  see  Render-   j,^^^^^^;^^'^   „„   landscape   architec- 
ing  in  color,  129o-1299.  ^^^^    ^^^  Landscape  Architec- 

Color    of    vegetation,    see    Plants  —  1  ture  —  Conffrmes  (40)-46. 

Color,  1965,  etc.  :  Cooperation   in  professional  practice 

Commons,  6400-6450.  ^f  landscape  architecture,   see 

Competitions     in     landscape     archi- 1  Landscape  architecture  —  Pro- 

tecture,   see   Landscape   archi-]  fessional  practice.    Cooperation, 

tecture  —  Competitions,  1225.     j  J220. 

Competitive    examinations    in    land-   Qopjngg^  33x7. 

scape  architecture,  see  Land-  ,.  Correspondence  courses "  in  land- 
scape architecture  —  Competi-  scai)e  architecture,  see  Land- 
tive  examinations,  1228.  scape  architecture  — S(u<it/an<< 

Composition,    Landscape,    see    Land-  1  Uaching,  939. 

scape  composition,  1100-1199.     Q^^  estimates,  see  Estimates,  1346. 
I  Cost  of  construction  and  maintenance. 
Landscape      construction 


Compositions,  Pictorial,  see  Land- 
scape composition,  1174-1185. 

Compost,  see  Fertihzers,  1853.4. 

Compost  yards,  see  Gardener's  yards, 
3138. 

Concert  gardens,  5730-5745. 
See  also  Music  courts. 

Concessions,  see  Amusement  parks, 
5702;  Expositions  —  Grounds, 
5602;  Fair  groimds,  5652; 
Parks  —  Co7icessions,  6022. 

Concrete,  3000fn6. 

Concrete  pavements,  see  Pavements, 
Cement  concrete,  3610m6. 

Conduits,'*  Electric,  (1426),  3710. 

Conferences  on  landscape  architec 
ture 


and  maintenance  —  Cost,  1402- 

1404. 
Country     clubs**  —  (Vroi(nrf.<i,     5100- 

5125. 
Countn,-  estates,  see  Estates  (Private), 

Countrj-,  5025-5048. 
Country  hotels,  see  Hotels  —  Grounds, 

5150-5175. 
Country  houses,  see  Houses,  Country, 


Countrj-  parks,  see  Parks.  Landscape, 

(6029),  6329. 
Countryside  improvement,  see  Rural 
lanascape    arciiiujc-  1  improvement,  573. 

Lansdcape   architec-   County  fair  grounds,  see  Fair  grounds. 
Congresses,  (iO)-i(i.         '  56.50-5675. 

103 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


County,  parks,  see  Parks,  Metropolitan 
and  county,  6120. 

Court-houses  —  Grounds,  5510-5525. 

Courts,  see  Courtyards,  4386;  Fore- 
courts, 3627.1;  Music  courts, 
3198;  Service  yards,  3132; 
Tennis  courts,  3205,  6590;  etc. 

Courts,  Entrance,  see  Forecourts, 
3627.1. 

Courts,  Service,  see  Service  yards, 
3132. 

Courtyard  gardens,  see  Courtyards, 
4386. 

Courtyards,  4386. 

See     also     Forecourts;      Service 
yards. 

Crayon  drawing,  see  Drawing,  Crayon, 
1296. 

Creepers,  see  Vines,  climbers,  etc., 
1885,  etc. 

Cricket  grounds,  6583. 

Criticism  in  landsciiic  dcsifrn,  xrr 
Landscape  arrluicrtinv  siu,/:/ 
and  teaching,  '.ill;  l.ninUcMpr 
design — Esthetir  llauii/,  lUl-'U. 

Crop  rotation,  see  Rotation  of  crops, 
1853.8. 

Croquet  lawns,  3208. 

Cross-sections,  1282. 

Crowds  —  In  landscape,  3815. 

Culverts,  3743. 

Curbs  (Road),  3620. 

Cut-flower  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Cut- 
flower,  4525^545. 

Cut  flowers,  see  Herbaceous  jilants. 
Cut-flower,  2793. 


Dams,**  3495. 

Deciduous  plants,  see  Plants,  Decidu- 
ous, 1910,  etc. 

Deer  parks,  5048. 

Defence,  Reservations  for,  see  Mili- 
tary reservations,  6260. 

Desert  plants,  see  Plants,  Desert, 
1992,  etc. 

Design,  Landscape,  see  Landscape  de- 
sign, 1000-1199. 

Design,  Planting,  see  Planting  design, 
1805-1849,  etc. 

Details,  see  Plans,  Detail,  1278. 


Dictionaries  of  landscape  architec- 
ture, see  Landscape  architec- 
ture—  Dictionaries,  etc.,  190. 

Directories  of  landscape  architecture, 
see  Landscape  architecture  — 
Directories,  195. 

Diseases  of  plants,  see  Plants  —  Di- 
seases and  pests,  1865-1868.3. 

Distance,  Planes  of,  in  landscape  com- 
position, .see  Landscape  com- 
position, 1180. 

Ditching,  see  Drainage;  Pipes  and 
pipe-laying;  (1418),  3730-3753. 

Dooryard  gardens,  sec  Gardens,  Door- 
yard,  4382. 

Dovecotes,  3115. 

Drafting,  see  Drawing,  1251-1330. 

Drafting  instruments,  see  Drawing 
instruments,  1251.5. 

Drain-inlets,  3743. 

Drainage,  (1418),  1854,  3740-3748. 
Sec  also  Irrigation. 

nr.'iiiiiiiir.  Storm  water,  see  Drainage, 
Suri'ii'e,  3740-3743. 

I)r:iiiiat;c,  Subsurface,  3745-3748. 

Drainage,  Surface,  3740-3743. 

Draughting,  see  Drawing,  1251-1330. 

Drawbridges,  see  Bridges,  Draw, 
3523. 

Drawing,  1251-1330. 

Sec  also  Painting;  Rendering; 
Reproduction  of  drawings;  and 
headings  beginning:  Repre- 
sentation. 

Drawing,  Crayon,  1296. 

Drawing,  Freehand,  1251. 

Drawing,  Landscape,  1251. 

Drawing,  Line,  1290. 

Drawing,  Pastel,  1296. 

Drawing,  Pen  and  ink,  1292. 

Drawing,  Pencil,  1291. 

Drawing,  Wash,  1293-1295. 

Drawing  instruments,  1251.5. 

Drawings,  Reproduction  of,  see  Re- 
production of  drawings,  1300- 
1309. 

Drill  grounds,  5950-5965. 

Drinking  fountains,  3419,  (3447.1). 

Drives,  see  Roads,  3600-3636. 

Dunes,  Sand,  1765. 

Dust  prevention,  3613. 

See  a,lso  Road  binders. 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Dutch  style  of  landscape  design,  see 
Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
Dutch,  235. 


Earth  roads,  see  Roads,  Earth,  3610»i 
8.5. 

Earthwork,  1431. 

See   also    Banks    (Earth);     Em- 
bankments;   Grading;   Shores. 

Economic  theory  of  landscape  design, 
see  Landscape  design  —  Eco- 
nomic theory,  (1005). 

Edgings,  1827,  2429,  2729. 
See  also  Lawn  guards. 

Edgings,  Box,  2429. 

Edgings,  Herbaceous,  2729. 

Educational  campaigns  for  landscape 
improvement,  see  Landscape 
improvement  —  Educational 
campaigns,  540-548. 

Effects,  Landscape,  see  Landscape 
effects,  1060-1079. 

Egyptian  style  of  landscape  design, 
see  Landscape  design  —  Styles- 
Egyptian  and  Mesopotamian, 
217. 

Electric  conduits,  see  Conduits,  Elec- 
tric, (1426).  3710. 

Electric  lighting,  3772. 

See  also  Conduits,  Electric;  Wires, 
Overhead. 

Electric  power  supply,  3773. 

Elements  in  landscape  and  landscape 
design,  see  Landscape  design, 
and  the  special  elements: 
Ground  forms,  Plants,  Struc- 
tures, etc.;  1500-3840. 

Elevations  (drawings  in  elevation), 
1270-1272. 

Elevations  (figures  of  elevation),  see 
Topographical  maps,  1241 ; 
Plans,  Grading,  1278;  etc.      . 

Elizabethan  style  of  landscape  design, 
.-<,,  T.,M„Kr:,iH.  dv^Uin  —  Styles. 
A'-.;.     '      /;.      ■      .;i/rf.       Tiulor. 


Eli^ 


Embankments,  ;>24o,  a2,50. 

Encyclopedias  of  landscape  architec- 
ture, see  Landscape  architec- 
ture —  Dictionaries,  etc.,  190. 


Enframements,  in  landscape  composi- 
tion, see  Landscape  composi- 
tion, 1177. 

Engineering  (Library  of  Congress 
Classification,  T). 

English  "  Landscape  School,"  see 
Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
English  "Landscape  School," 
237. 

English  Renaissance  styles  of  land- 
scape design,  see  Landscape 
design  —  Styles.  English  Re- 
naissance. Tudor.  Elizah'than, 
234. 

Entrance  drives,  see  Roads,  Entrance 
to  estates,  etc.,  3627. 

Entrance  gates  and  gateways,  see 
Gates  and  gateways,  Entrance 
to  estates,  etc.,  3361. 

Entrance  paths,  see  Paths,  Entrance 
to  estates,  etc.,  3643. 

Entrance  roads,  see  Roads,  Entrance 
to  estates,  etc.,  3627. 

Entrance  turns,  .s-ec  Turnarounds, 
3627. 

Entrances,  Garden,  see  Gates  and 
gateways,  Garden,  3362. 

Entrances,  Park,  .see  Parks  —  En- 
trances, 6039. 

Entrances,  Service,  «ee  Paths,  En- 
trance to  estates,  etc.,  3643; 
Roads,  Service,  3628. 

Equipment  of  landscape  architect's 
office,  see  Landscape  architec- 
ture —  Professional  practice. 
Office  organization  and  equip- 
ment, 1230-1239. 

Espalier  trees,  see  Fruit  trees.  Trained, 
2135. 

Essays  on  landscape  architecture,  see 
Landscape  architecture,  265- 
270. 

Estate  management,  (1495),  4920. 

Estates**  (Private),  4700-5048.  (Geo- 
graphical    subdivision     to     be 
used.) 
See  also  Land  subdivision;   Sum- 
mer colonies. 

Estates   (Private)  —  Construction  and 
■maintenance,  4920. 
See  also  Landscape  construction 
and  maintenance. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Estates  (Private)  —  Drngn,  4900- 
4918. 

Estates    (Private)  —  Grouping,   4918, 
4930,  4980. 
See  also    Building   groups,  Resi- 
dential. 

Estates  (Private)  —  Planting,  1849. 

E:3tates  (Private),  Country,  6025- 
5048. 
See  also  Castles  —  Grounds;  Deer 
parks;  Farms;  Game  pre- 
serves (Private);  Houses, Coun- 
try. 

Estates  (Private),  Hillside,  4913. 

Estates  (Private),  Hilltop,  4914. 

Estates    (Private),    House-lot,    4925- 
4945. 
See  also  Houses,  Small. 

Estates  (Private),  Large,  see  Estates 
(Private),  Country,  5025-5048. 

Estates  (Private),  Rocky,  4912. 

Estates  (Private,)  Seashore,  4910. 

Estates  (Private),  Small,  see  Estates 
(Private),  Suburban,  4975- 
4995. 

P^states    (Private),    Suburban,    4975- 
4995. 
See  also  Houses,  Suburban. 

Estates  (Private),  Waterside,  4909. 

Esthetic  theory  of  landscape  design, 
see  Landscape  design  —  Esthetic 
theory,  1010-1079. 

Estimates,  1346. 

Ethics,  Code  of,  of  landscape  archi- 
tect, see  Landscape  architec- 
ture —  Professional  practice, 
1211. 

Evergreens,     1907-1909,     2207-2209, 
2507-2509. 
See  also  Shrubs,  Evergreen;  Trees, 
Evergreen. 

Examinations  in  landscape  architec- 
ture, see  Landscape  architec- 
ture —  Competitive  examina- 
tions, 1228;  Landscape  archi- 
tecture —  Professional  practice. 
Registration  examinatimis,  1215. 

Excavation,  1431. 

Exedrae,  3484. 

Exhibition  gardens,  see  Gardens  — 
Exhiliilions,  4405. 


Exhibitions  of  landscape  architecture, 
see  Landscape  architecture  — 
ExhiUlions,  (50)-65. 

Exhibitions  of  landscape  improve- 
ment, see  Landscape  improve- 
ment —  Exhibitions,  546. 

Exotic  plants,  see  Greenhouse  and 
house  plants,  2042,  2796-2797; 
Plants,  Tropical,  1982,  etc. 

Expositions**  —  Grounds,  5600-5625. 

Extension  work  in  landscape  improve- 
ment, see  Landscape  improve- 
ment  —  .University  extension. 


Factories**  —  Grounds,  5400-5425. 

Fair  grounds,**  5650-5675. 

Fall  gardens,  see  Gardens  —  Seasonal 
appearance.    Autumn,  4394. 

Farm  buildings,  3105. 

Farm  management,  (1495),  5070. 

Farms,  5050-5075. 

Fences,**  3340-3348. 

Fences,  Sunk,  3346. 

Ferns,  2790. 

Fertilizers,  1853.1-1853.5. 

Field  events,  Areas  for,  6584. 

Field  hockey,  see  Hockey  fields,  6594. 

Fieldhouses,  see  Playgrounds  —  Buikl- 
ings,  6536. 

Filing  systems  for  landscape  architect's 
office,  .5ee  Landscape  architec- 
ture —  Professional  practice. 
Office  organization  arid  equip- 
ment, 1235. 

Finals,  Post,  see  Posts  and  post- 
finials,  3318. 

Fireplaces,  Outdoor,  6037. 

Fish  ponds,  see  Lakes,  ponds,  etc., 
1680-1686;  Pools,  basins,  etc., 
3448. 

Floriculture,  2750. 

<S'ee  also  Horticulture. 

Flower,  see  Flowers  (popular  writings) : 
Plants  —  Floiver,  1920,  etc. 

Flower  beds,  see  Carpet  beds,  2733; 
Herbaceous  beds  and  borders, 
2731. 

Flower  color,  .s-pc  Plants  —  Flower, 
1922,  etc. 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Flower  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Cut- 
flower,  4525-4545;  Gardens, 
Herbaceous,  4421-4448. 

Flower  pots  and  boxes  (Ornamental), 
3466. 
.See  also  Urns,  vases,  etc.;    Win- 
dow boxes. 

Flowers  (popular  writings),  1920. 

Flowers  for  cutting,  see  Herbaceous 
plants.  Cut-flower,  2793. 

Foliage,  see  Plants  —  Foliage,  1905- 
1918,  etc. 

Foliage  plants,  see  Plants  —  Foliage, 
1905,  etc. 

Football  fields,  0581. 

Footpaths,  .see  Paths,  3640-(3048). 

Forecourts,  3627.1. 

Foregrounds,  in  landscape  composi- 
tion, see  Landscape  composi- 
tion, 1178. 

Forest  reservations,**  6126-6144. 

See  also  Woodlands;  and  head- 
ings beginning:  Forests  and 
forestry. 

Forest  trees,  see  Trees;  Forests  and 
forestry;  2350. 

Forests  and  forestry  (Library  of  Con- 
gress Classification,  SD). 

Forests  and  forestry,  Esthetic,  3925. 
See  also  Woodlands. 

Forests  and  forestry,  Municipal,  6139. 

Forests  and  forestry,  National,  6135. 

Forests  and  forestry.  Private,  6141. 

Forests  and  forestry.  State,  6137. 

Form  —  In  landscape  composition,  see 
Shape  —  In  landscape  compo- 
sition, 1137-1138. 

Form  of  plants,  see  Plants  —  Habit 
and  shape,  193.5-(1955),  etc. 

Formal  design,  .see  Landscape  design  I 
—  Styles.    Formal,  1036. 

Formal  gardens,  .see  Gardens,  Formal,  j 
4272. 

Formal  grading,  see  Grading,  1431- 
1433;  Panels,  Sunk,  3240; 
Parterres,  3217;  Terraces, 
3230-3234;  etc. 

Formal  parks,  see  Parks,  Formal,  6028, 
etc. 

Formal  styles  of  landscape  design,  sec 
Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
Formal,  1036;  and  other  special 

107 


subdivisions  relating  to  specific 
formal  styles,  e.g.,  Italian  Re- 
naissance. 

Foundations  (of  structures),  3335. 

Fountain  basins,  see  Fountains,  3446- 
3447;   Pools,  basins,  etc.,  3448. 

Fountains  '  3446-3447. 

,S'eeo/so  Drinking  fountains;  Pool.*, 
basins,  etc. 

Fountains,  Wall,  3447. 

"  Freak  "  plants,  see  Plant  c\iriosi 
ties,  1895,  etc. 

Freehand  drawing,  see  Drawing,  Free 
hand,  1251. 

French  curves,  see  Drawing  instru 
ments,  1251.5. 

French  Grand  style  of  landscape  de 
sign,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.  French  Grand.  Le 
N6tre,  236. 

French  informal  style  of  landscape 
design,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.    French  informal,  238. 

French  Renaissance  style  of  landscape 
design,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.  French  Renaissance, 
233. 

Front  turns,  sec  Turnarounds,  3627. 

Fruit  (of  plants  in  general),  see  Plants 
—  Fruit,  1925,  etc. 

Fruit-culture,  2150. 

Fruit  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Fruit, 
4414. 

Fruit  trees,  2225. 

See  also  Orchards. 

Fruit  trees.  Trained,  2135. 

Full-sized  details,  .see  Plans,  Detail, 
1278. 

Furniture,  Garden,  see  Garden  furni- 
ture, 3425-3486;  Seats,  Gar- 
den, 3482-3484;  Tables,  Gar- 
den. 3486. 


Game  preserves  (Private),  5048. 
Games    and    sports  —  Grounds,    see 
Sports  and  games  —  Grounds, 


Games    for    playgrounds,    see    Play- 
grounds —  Games,  6520. 

'  If  the  City  Planning  Classifioation  and 
headings  are  also  used.  Fountains  may  be 
divided  into  Garden  and  Cis-ic. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Garage  yards,  see  Garages  and  garage 
yards,  3130. 

CJarages  and  garage  yards,  3130. 
See  also  Service  yards. 

Garden  arches,  3472. 

Garden  contests,  see  Gardens,  Vege- 
table, 4525;  Yard  improve- 
ment, 565. 

Garden  entrances,  see  Gates  and  Gate- 
ways, Garden,  3362. 

Garden  furniture,**  3425-3486. 

See  also  names  of  special  objects, 
e.g.,  Fountains;   Sundials;    etc. 

Garden  gates,  see  Gates  and  gateways, 
Garden,  3362. 

Garden  houses,  see  Arbors,  3160; 
Gazebos,  3153;  Pavilions, 
shelters,  etc.,  3155. 

Garden  pottery,  see  Pottery,  Garden, 
3430m7. 

Garden  seats,  see  Seats,  Garden,  3482- 
3484. 

Garden  tables,  3486. 

Garden  theaters,  see  Theaters,  Gar- 
den, 3195. 

Gardener's  yards,  3138. 

Gardeners,  1222.5. 

"  Gardenesque  "  style  of  landscape 
design,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.    Informal,  1037. 

Gardening,  see  Gardens;  Gardens  — 
Constmciion  and  maintenance; 
Horticulture. 

Gardens,**  4200-(4575),  4701-4884. 
(Geographical  subdivision  to 
be  used.) 
See  also  Botanical  gardens;  Con- 
cert gardens;  Estates  (Private); 
Plants. 

—  Adaptation  to  topography,  4352, 

—  Color  effects,  4450. 

—  Construction     and     maintenance, 

4470. 
See  also  Landscape  construction 
and  maintenance. 

—  Definition,  4202. 

—  Design,  4250-4465. 

—  Exhibitions,  4405. 

—  History    and    description,    4475- 

(4480). 
See  also  Landscape  architecture 
—  History. 


Gardens  {continued). 

—  In  literature,  4225. 

—  In  parks,  6034.5. 

—  Lighting,  4398. 

—  Night  effects,  4398. 

See  alio  Gardens  —  Lighting. 

—  Seasonal  effects,  4391-4395.  (Sub- 

divide: Spring,  Summer,  Au- 
tumn, Winter.) 

—  Styles  (General),  sec  Landscape 

design  —  Styles,  4270-(4280). 
For  different  kinds  of  gardens, 
see  headings  beginning  Gar- 
dens, e.g.,  Gardens,  .\lpine; 
Gardens,  Formal. 

—  ijse,  423Q. 
Gardens,  Alpine,  4441. 

See  also  Gardens,  Rock;    Plants, 
Alpine. 
Gardens,  Ancient,  215-224. 

See  also  Landscape  architecture 

—  History.  Ancient;  Land- 
scape design  —  Styles.  Clas- 
sic; Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
Egyptian  and  M esopotamian. 

Gardens,  Annual,  4431. 

See  also  Herbaceous  plants,  An- 
nual. 

Gardens,  Autumn,  see  Gardens  — 
Seasonal  effects.    Autumn,  4394. 

Gardens,  Babylonian,  see  Gardens, 
Ancient;  Landscape  architec- 
ture —  History,  Ancient;  Land 
scape  design  —  Styles.  Egyptian 
and  Mesopotamian;  217. 

Gardens,  Backyard,  4384. 

Gardens,  Bird,  4465. 

Gardens,  Bog  and  marsh,  4443. 

See  also  Plants,  Bog  and  marsh. 

Gardens,  Botanical,  see  Botanical  gar- 
dens, 5800-5825. 

Gardens,  Bulb,  4437. 

See  also  Bulbous  plants. 

Gardens,  Children's,  4460. 

Gardens,  Chinese,  see  Gardens  — 
China,  4865;  Landscape  design 

—  Styles.    Chinese,  244. 
Gardens,    Colonial,    see    Gardens  — 

U.   S.    Colonial,    4706;     Gar- 
dens, "  Old-fashioned,"  4465. 
Gardens,   Concert,   see  Concert   gar- 
dens, 5730-5745. 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Gardens,  Courtyard,  see  Courtyards, 

4386. 
Gardens,  Cut-flower,  4525-4545. 
Gardens,  Dooryard,  4382. 
Gardens,    Egyptian,    see    Gardens  — 

Egypt,  4875;  Landscape  design 

—  Styles.  Egyptian  and  Meso- 
potajiiian,  217. 

Gardens,  English,  see  Gardens  — 
Great  Britain,  4785;  Land- 
scape design  —  Styles.  Eng- 
lish Renaissance.  Tudor.  Eliz- 
abethan, 234. 

Gardens,  Fern,  4440. 
See  also  Ferns, 

Gardens,  Flower,  see  Gardens,  Cut- 
flower,  4525-4545;  Gardens, 
Herbaceous,  4421^448. 

Gardens,  Formal,  4272 

Gardens,  French,  see  (iardens  — 
/i'ronce,  4797;  Landscape  design 

—  Styles.  French  Retiaissancc, 
233;  Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
French  Grand.    Le  N6tre,  236. 

Gardens,  Fruit,  4414. 

Gardens,  German,  see  Gardens  — 
Germany,  4799;  Landscape  de- 
sign —  Styles.  German  formal, 
1897-,  240. 

Gardens, 


ee  Gardens  — 
Landscape  de- 
Moorish,  231. 


Gardens,    "  Hanging, 

Terraced,  4362. 
Gardens,  Herbaceous,  4421-4448. 

See  also  Herbaceous  plants. 
Gardens,  Hillside,  4362. 

iSee  also  Gardens,  Terraced. 
Gardens,  Hilltop,  4364. 
Gardens,  Indian,  see  Gardens  —  India, 

4851 ;    Landscape  design  — 

Styles.    Indian.    Moghul,  247. 
Gardens,  Informal,  4273. 
Gardens,  Italian,  see  Gardens  —  Italy, 

4803 ;      Landscape     design  — 

Styles.       Italian     Renaissance. 

Baroque,  232. 
Gardens,    Japanese,    .see    Gardens  — 

Japan,   4867;     Landscape   de- 
sign —  Styles.    Japanese,  245. 
Gardens,  Marsh,  see  Gardens,  Bog  and 

marsh,  4443. 
Gardens,  Mediaeval,  225-228. 

iSeeaiso  Gardens,  Monastic;  Pleas-   Gardens,  Tropical,  4351 

anees.  Mediaeval.  :  Gardens.  Vegetable,  4525-4545 

109 


Gardens,  Monastic,  226. 
Gardens,  Naturalistic,  4274. 
See  also  Gardens,  Wild. 
Gardens,  "Old-fashioned,"  4465. 

-See  also  Gardens  —  U.  S.  Colo- 
nial;     Landscape    design     — 
Styles.    American  Colonial. 
Gardens,  Orchard,  see  Gardens,  Fruit, 

4414. 
Gardens,  Perennial,  4433. 

See  also  Herbaceous  plants.  Peren- 
nial. 
Gardens,  Persian,  see  Gardens — Persia, 
4847;      Landscape     design  — 
Styles.    Persian,  246. 
Gardens,  Pleasure,  .see  Gardens,  4225- 

(4480). 
Gardens,  Public,  6400-6450. 
Gardens,  Reserve,  4525-4545. 
Gardens,  Hock,  4441. 

.See  also  Gardens,  Alpine;  Plants, 
Rock. 
Gardens,  Roof,  see  Roof  gardens,  4388. 
Gardens,  Rose,  4418. 

See  also  Roses,  Garden. 
Gardens,  Scented,  4448. 

See  also  Plants  —  Scent. 
Gardens,  School,  4460. 
Gardens,  Seashore,  4355. 
Gardens,  Service,  4525-4545. 
Gardens,  Shakcsperian,  4465. 
Gardens,  Shrub,  4416. 

See  also  Shrubs. 

Gardens,  Small,  4455. 

tJardens,     Spanish, 

Spain,    4823; 

sign  —  Styles. 

Gardens,  Specimen,  4405. 

See  also  Botanical  gardens;    Gar- 
dens —  Exhibitions;        Plants, 
Specimen. 
Gardens,  Spring,  see  Gardens  —  Sea- 
sonal effects.    Spring,  4392. 
Gardens,  Sunken,  4455. 

See  also  Panels,  Sunk. 
Gardens,  Tea,  5730-5745. 
Gardens,  Terraced,  4362. 

See  also  Gardens,  Hillside. 
Gardens,  Topiary,  4412. 
See  also  Topiary  work. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


( iiirileiis,     Vegetable  —  Diseases    and 

pests,  1865. 
(jardens,  Vegetable,  Decorative,  4536. 
Ciardens,  Wall,  4441. 

See  also  Plants,  Hock. 
Gardens,  Water  and  Waterside,  1354, 

4442. 
Seealso Gardens,  Seashore ;  Plants, 

Water. 
(Sardens,  Wild,  4439. 

.See   also   Gardens,    Naturalistic; 

Plants,  Native;  Plants,    Wild- 
garden. 
Gardens,  Winter,  see  Gardens  —  Sea- 

soruil  effects.  Winter,  4395. 
Gardens,    Zoological,    see    Zoological 

parks,  5750-5775. 
Garlands,  between  posts,  3341»(9. 
Gas-lighting,  3768. 
Gas-pipes,  3768. 
Gate-lodges,  31'2o. 
Gates**  and  gateways,  3350-3362. 
Gates     and     gateways.     Covered, 

3363. 
Gates  and  gateways,  Entrance  to  es- 
tates, etc.,  3361. 
(iates  and  gateways,  Garden,  3362. 

,SVe  also  Garden  arches, 
(iateways,  see  (Jates  and  gateway.s, 

3350-3362. 
Gazebos,  3153. 
Gazing  globes,  3469. 
General    plans,  see    Plan.s,    General, 

1276. 
Geology,  1640,  1852.1. 

See     also     Ground     forms  —  In 

landscape. 
"  Geometrical  "    styles   of   landscape 

design,  .see  Landscape  design  — 

Styles.     Formal,  1036. 
German    formal    style.       1897-,    see 

Landscape        design  —  Styles. 

German  formal.     1897-,  240. 
Glossaries  of  landscape  architecture, 

see  Landscape   architecture  — 

Dictionaries,  etc.,  190. 
Golf     clubs,     see     Country     clubs  — 

Grounds,       5100-5125;        Golf 

courses,  6589. 
Golf  courses,  6589. 
■'  Good  roads."  .see  Roads  —  Improre- 

ment,  570. 


Grading,  1431-1433. 

.See  also  Roadside  grading. 

Grading  plans,  .see  Plans,  Grading, 
1278. 

Grafting,  1860.1. 

"  Grand  "  style  of  landscape  design, 
.see  Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
French  Grand.    Le  Ndlre,  236. 

Graphical  scales,  see  Scales,  Graphical, 
1315. 

Grasses,  2788. 

Gratings,  Tree,  see  Tree  grut  ings,  3420. 

Gravel  (as  material  of  roads  and 
paths),  see  Road.'^,  Gravel, 
3610TO8.5. 

Grave!  benches,  see  Beaches,  1704. 

Gn.ziiiuliiu.  2110. 

Giiek  siylr  (if  landscape  design,  see 
Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
Classic,  219. 

Greenhouse  and  house  plants,  2042, 
2796-2797. 

Greenhouses,  (1864),  3140. 

Greens,  Bowliiig,  see  Bowling  greens, 
3211,  6592. 

Grilles,  3316.5. 

Grottoes,  3185. 

Ground,  see  Ground  forms  —  In  land- 
scape; Ground  surface  model- 
ling; 1600-1790. 

Ground  cover,  2050,  2(i50,  2950. 
.See  also  Grasses. 

Ground      forms**  —  In      landscape, 
1600-1790. 
See  also  Geology. 

Ground  surface  modelling,  1785. 
See  also  Slopes. 

Grounds,  see  the  subdivision:  Grounds 
under  the  special  types  of  land- 
scape designs  (according  to  use) , 
e.g..  Country  clubs  —  Grounds, 
etc. 

Groves,  see  Bosquets,  2145;  Music 
groves,  6034;  Picnic  groves, 
6334;   Woodlands,  3925. 

Groynes,  see  Shores  —  Structural  treat- 
ment, 3263. 

Guards,  Lawn,  Tree,  etc.,  see  Lawn 
I  guards,    3420;     Tree    guards, 

3421;  etc. 
!  Gutters,  3620. 
i  Gvmnasiums,  6.536. 


110 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


H  Hilltop  estates,  nee  Estates  (Private), 

Hilltop,  4914. 
"  Ha-has,'-  see  Fences,  .Sunk,  334G.         Hilltop  gardens,  .s<r  Gardens,  Hilltop, 
Habit  of  plants,  see  Plants  —  Habit  \  ^^q^ 

and  shape,  l93o-(l955),otc.       j  Historic     features"      in     landscape, 
Half-tone   cuts,   see  Reproduction  of  g246 

drawings  — //aV-tonc  fit/*-,  1308.  jjjigf^^ip  3^^,^^^  „f  ia„jgc^pe   design, 
see  Landscape  design  —  Styles, 
210-249,  (1049). 
Historj-  of  landscape  architecture,  see 


Harmony,  in  landscape  composition, 

see    Landscajjc       (composition, 

1115. 
Heating,  3762-3763. 
Heating  —  Central      slalioii     si/stems, 

3763. 
Hedges,  1827,  (2055),  2127,  2427. 
See    also     Border     plantations; 

Windbreaks. 
Henhouses,  see  Farm  buildings,  3105. 
Herbaceous  beds,  see  Herbaceous  beds 

and  borders,  2731-2733. 
Herbaceous  beds  and  borders,  2720,  \  cultural,  1872-1872.; 

2724,  2731-2733.  j  Horticulture**  (Library  of  Congress 

Herbaceous  borders,  see  Herbaceous  |  Classification,SB),1850-(1874), 

beds  and  borders,  2724.  1  1875,  etc. 

Herbaceous     edgings,     see     Edgings,  1  Hospitals,**  asylums,  etc. — Grounds, 


Landscape  architecture  —  His- 
tory, 210-249. 
Hitching  posts,  3418. 
''  Hockey  fields,  6594. 
I  Hockey    rinks,     see    Skating    rinks; 
I  Winter  sports.  Areas  for;  6593. 

j  Home  playgrounds,  see  Playgrounds, 

Home,  6567. 
Horticultural  tools,  see  Tools,  Horti- 


Herbaceous,  2729. 
Herbaceous  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Her- 
baceous, 4421-4448. 
Herbaceous  plants,**  2700-2969. 
Herbaceous     i)lants  —  Diseases     and 

pests,  1865. 
Herbaceous    plants  —  Special    colors, 

2822. 
Herbaceous  plants  —  Special  seasons, 

2823. 
Herbaceous  plants.  Annual,  2781. 

See  also  Gardens,  Annual. 
Herbaceous  plants.  Biennial.  2782. 
Herbaceous  plants.  Cut-flower,  2793. 

.See  alio  Gardens,  Cut-flower. 
Herbaceous  plants.  Perennial,  2783. 

See  also  Gardens,  Perennial. 
Herbaceous  vines,  see  Vines,  climbers, 

etc.,  2785. 
Herbs,  Sweet,  2798. 
Hermae,  3463. 
Hill  and  mountain   reservations   and 

parks,  6230-6234. 
Hills  and  mountains,  1760-1766. 
Hillside  estates,  see  Estates  (Private), 

Hillside,  4913. 
Hillside  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Hillside, 


5200-5225. 
Hotbeds  and  cold  frames,  (1864), 3145. 
Hotels**  — Grounds,  5150-5175. 

.See  aLso  Recreation  camps. 
Hothouses,    see   Greenhouses    (1864), 

3140. 
Hour  of  day,  as  affecting  landscape 

effects,  1070. 
House  grounds,  see  EstaXes  (Private), 

4700-5048;      Yard     improve- 
ment, 565. 
House    lots,    see    Estates    (Private), 

House-lot,  4925-4945. 
House    plants,    .see    Greenhouse    and 

house  plants,  2042,  2797. 
House  terraces,  see  Terraces,  House, 

3234. 


Houses,  Country,  3066. 

.See  also  Estates  (Private),  Coun- 
try. 
Houses,  Small,  3062. 

.See  a/so  Estates  (Private),  House- 
lot. 
Houses,  Suburban,  3064. 

See  also  Estates  (Private),  Sub- 
urban. 
Hydrants,  3728. 
Ill 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


I 

Ice  houses,  see  Farm  buildings,  3105. 

Illusions  —  In  landscape  composition, 
1160. 

Implements,  Horticultural,  see  Tools, 
Horticultural,  1872-1872.3. 

Indian  (Moghul)  style  of  landscape 
design,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.    Indian.    Moghul,  247. 

Inforni;il  .Ir-iuii.  .  /  -   Landscape  design 
>;,/.        /,./,»■»;«;,  1037. 

Informal  i;ai.|iii>,  -t  Ciardens,  Infor- 
mal, 4273. 

Informal  styles  of  landscape  design, 
see  Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
Informal,  1037. 

Insect  pests,  1867-1868.3. 

Instruments  (general),  for  the  use  of 
the  landscape  architect,  see 
Landscape  architecture  —  Pro- 
fessional practice.  Office  organi- 
zation and  equipment,  1233.2. 

Instruments,  Drawing,  see  Drawing 
instruments,  1251.5. 

Ironwork,  3000m8. 

Irrigation,  1854-1854.1,  3750-3753. 

Islands,  1710. 

ItaUan  styles  of  landscai)e  design,  see 
Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
Italian  Renaissance.  Baroque, 
232. 

J 

Japanese  styles  of  landscape  design, 
see  Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
Japanese,  245. 

Jets,  Water,  see  Fountains,  344fi. 


Ivitchen  gardens,  .see  Gardens,  Vege- 
table, 452.5^545. 

Knots,  2734. 

L 

Labels,  Plant,  see  Plant  labels,  1873. 

Labor,  1221.8. 

Labyrinths,  see  Mazes,  3180. 

Lake  and  pond  reservations  and  jiarks, 
6210-6214,  6660. 

Lakes,  ponds,  etc.,  1680-1686. 

Land  subdivision,**  Residential.  7100 

Landscape,**  1050-10.55,  3900-3975. 
1 


Landscape  (continued). 

See  also  Landscape  preservation; 
Reservations,  Landscape. 

Landscape**  —  Types,  3900-3975. 
See  aiso  Meadows;  Pastoral  land- 
scape;     Tropical     landscape; 
Woodlands;  etc. 

Landscape  appreciation,**  1020. 

Landscape  architect,  see  Landscape 
architecture. 

Landscape  architect's  oflBce,  see  Land- 
scape architecture  —  Profes- 
sional practice.  Office  organiza- 
tion and  equipment,  1230-1239. 

Landscape  architecture,**  250-294. 
(General  works,  essays,  out- 
lines, tables,  etc.) 

** —  Bibliography,  0. 

**— Biography,  200-205. 
— Classification,  254. 

—  Competitions,  1225. 

— Competitive  examinations,  1228. 
** — Congresses,  (40)-46. 

—  Definition,  302. 

—  Design,    see    Landscape    design, 

1000-1199. 
** —  Dictionaries,  etc.,  190. 
** —  Directories,  195. 

—  Examinations,      see     Landscape 

architecture  —  Competitive  ex- 
aminations, 1228;  Landscape 
architecture  —  Professional 
practice.  Registration  examina- 
tions, 1215. 

** — Exhibitions,  (50)-65. 

See  cdso  Gardens  —  Exhibitions; 
Landscape  improvement  —  Ex- 
hibitions. 

**— History,  210-249. 

See  also  Landscape  design— Styles. 

—  History.    Ancient,  215-224. 

—  History.     Mediaeval,  225-228. 

—  History.     Modern,  230-242. 

—  History.    Onental,  243-248. 

—  Lectures,  265-270. 

See  also  Landscape  improvement 
—  Lectures. 
*  * —  Legislation,  700. 

See  also  Contracts  and  specifica- 
tions;   Landscape  architecture 
I  —  Professional  practice.    Legal 

i  relations. 

12 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Landscape  architecture  (conlinued). 
**—  Museums,  (70)-85. 

—  Name,  302. 

**—  Periodicals,  (1)-14. 

—  Professional  opportunities,   320- 

324. 
**—  Professional  practice,  1200-1357. 
See  also  Contractors;  Landscape 
architecture  —  Competitions; 
Landscape  architecture — Tech- 
nical procedure;  Nurserymen. 

—  Professional  practice.       Advertis- 

ing arul  publicity,  1223. 

—  Professional  practice.    Announce- 

ments, 1224. 

—  Professional  practice.       Charges, 

1212. 

—  Professional  practice.       Coopera- 

tion, 1220. 

—  Professional  practice.      Legal  re- 

lations, 1213. 
See  also  Landscape  architecture 
—  Professional  practice.  Regis- 
tration. 
— Professional  practice.  Office  or- 
ganization and  shipment,  1230- 
1239. 

—  Professional  practice.       Registra- 

tion, 1215. 

—  Professional    practice.      Registra- 

tion examinations,  1215. 

—  Professional  practice.       Reports, 

1245,  1342. 

**— Societies,  (20)-39. 

**— Study  and  teaching,  900-998. 
See  also  Landscape  architecture  — 
Study  tours;  Landscape  archi- 
tecture —  Travelling  fellow- 
ships; Landscape  improve- 
ment —  Study  and  teaching 
{Public  schools);  Landscape 
improvement  —  University  ex- 
tension. 

—  Study  tours,  947. 

—  Styles,  see  Landscape  design  — 

Styles,  210-249,  1034-(1047). 
**_  Technical  procedure,  1200-1357. 
.Sec  also  Landscape  architecture 
—  Professional  practice;  Land- 
scape construction  and  main- 
tenance. 

—  Travelling  fellowships,  946. 

1 


Landscape  arohitecture  {continued). 
—  War  service,  323. 
** —  Yearbooks,  15. 
Landscape  character,**  1050-(1055). 

See  also  Landscape  —  Types. 
Landscape  composition,'*  1100-1199. 
See  also  Atmosphere;     Axial  ar- 
rangements;   Color;    Illusions; 
Light  and  shade;    Movement; 
Night  effects;    Outlooks;    Per- 
spective;   Scale;    Seasonal  ef- 
fects;       Shape;        Silhouette; 
Texture;  Vistas. 
Landscape  construction**  and  main- 
tenance, 1400-(1490). 
See  also  Subdivision:    Construc- 
tion  and   maintenance,   under 
Types  (according  to  use),  e.g.. 
Gardens,  Parks,  etc. 
Landscape    construction    and    main- 
tenance —  Cost,  1402-1404. 
Landscape  construction**  and  main- 
tenance    —     Superintendence, 
1355-1357. 
Landscape  design,**  911-915,   1000- 
1199,  1246,  1346. 
See  also  subdivision  Design  under 
the  special  Types  (according  to 
use),  e.g..  Gardens,  Parks,  etc. 
'*  — Economic   theory,    (1005),    1608, 
1808,  3008. 
See    also    Landscape    designs  — 
Types,  according  to  use. 
**— Esthetic  theory,  1010-1079. 

See    also    Landscape    character; 
Landscape  composition ;  Land- 
scape effects;  Style  —  In  land- 
scape design . 
**—  Presentation,  1250-1346. 

See  also  headings  beginning:  Rep- 
resentation . 
**— Styles,'  210-249,  1034-(1049). 
See   also    Style  —  In    landscape 
design . 

—  Styles.  American  Colonial,  249ffO. 

—  Styles.  American    landscape. 

Olmsted,  239. 

1  The  names  of  the  styles  following  are  those 
most  often  recognized.  Others  may  be  added 
in  corresponding  form-  If  it  is  desirable  to 
have  an  indication  for  styles  occurring  outside 
the  country  of  their  origin,  parentheses  con- 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Landscape  design  (conlinued) . 
■ —  Styles.     Chinese,  244. 

—  Styles.     Classic,  219,  1042. 

—  Styles.     Dutch,  235. 

—  Styles.       Egyptian  and  Mesopo- 

tamian,  217. 

—  Styles.        English      "  Landscape 

School,"  237. 

—  Styles.        English     Renaissance. 

Tudor.     Elizabethan,  234. 

—  Styles.     Formal,  1036. 

See  also  names  of  styles  charac- 
terized by  formal  design;  e.g., 
French  Grand;  Italian  Renais- 
sance. 

—  Styles.    French  Grand.    Le  Notre, 

236. 

—  Styles.    French  informal,  238. 

—  Styles.    French  Renaissance,  233. 

—  Styles.     German  formal.     1897-, 

240. 

—  Styles.    Greek,  see  Landscape  de- 

sign —  Styles,  Classic,  219. 

—  Styles.    Indian.    Moghul,  247. 

—  Styles.     Informal,  1037. 

See  also  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.  American  landscape. 
Olmsted;  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.  English  "  Landscape 
School  ";  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.  French  informal;  Land- 
scape design— Styles.  Romantic. 

—  Styles.    Italian  Renaissance.    Ba- 

roque, 232. 

—  Styles.     Japanese,  245. 

—  Styles.   Landscape,  see  Landscape 

design  —  Styles.  American 
landscape,  239;  —  Landscape 
design    —    Styles.  English 

"  Landscape  School,"  237. 

—  Styles.      Monastic,   see   Gardens, 

Monastic,  226. 

—  Styles.     Moorish,  231. 

—  Styles.    Naturalistic,  1040. 

See  also  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.  American  landscape. 
Olmsted;  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.  Japanese;  Landscape 
design — Styles.     Romantic. 

—  Styles.     Persian,  246. 

—  Styles.      Roman,  see   Landscape 

design  —  Styles.    Classic,  219. 


Landscape  design  {continued). 

—  Styles.     Romantic,  1043. 
Landscape  designs**  —  Types,  accord- 
ing to  use,  4000-6800 +. 

See  also   names    of   types;    e.g., 
Gardens,  Parks,  etc. 

Landscape  drawing,  see  Drawing. 
Landscape,  1251;  Representa- 
tion of  landscape  forms,  1320- 
1330. 

Landscape  effects,**  1060-1079. 

Landscape  extension,  see  Landscape 
improvement  —  University  ex- 
tension, 515. 

Landscape  forestry,  see  Forests  and 
forestry.  Esthetic,  3925. 

Landscape  gardening,  see  Landscape 
architecture. 

Landscape  improvement,**  500-590. 
See  also  Billboards;  Roads  — 
Improvement;  Roadside  plant- 
ing; Rural  improvement;  War 
memorials;  Yard  improve- 
ment. 

** — Educational  campaigns,  540-548. 
• —  Exhibitions,  546. 

—  Lectures,  542. 

—  Societies,  513. 

—  Study      and      teaching      (Public 

schools),  548. 

—  University  extension,  515. 
Landscape    maintenance,    see    Land- 
scape construction  and  main- 
tenance, 1400-(1490). 

Landscape  painting,  1 107. 

Landscape  parks,  see  Parks,  Land- 
scape, 6029,  etc. 

Landscape      preservation,**      6190- 
6230. 
See  also  Landscape  —  Types;  Res- 
ervations, Landscape. 

Landscape  reservations,  see  Reser- 
vations, Landscape,  6190- 
6230. 

"  Landscape  School,"  see  Landscape 
design    —    Styles.  English 

■■  L„r,ir„,„    Srhonl,"  237. 

LandscnjH  -I  \  I  ,  i'  Landscape  design 
—  Sli/h.^.  Aniirican  landscape 
style.  Olmsted,  239;  Landscape 
design  —  Styles.  English 

"  Landscape  School,"  237;   etc. 

14 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Landscape  superintendence,  see 
Landscape  constniction  and 
maintenance  —  Superintend- 
ence, 1355-1357. 

Lanes,  3633. 

Lantern  slides,  Landscape  architec- 
ture (General  collections),  288. 

Lanterns,  Garden,  3468. 

Lattices,  trellises,  treillage,  etc., 
3300ml.3,  3430ml.3. 

Laundry  yards,  3134. 

Lawn  grasses,  see  Grasses,  2788. 

Lawn  guards,  3421. 

Lawn  mowers,  1872.3. 

Lawn  sprinkling,  see  Watering  — 
Lawns,  1854.1. 

Lawn  tennis  courts,  see  Tennis  courts, 
3025,  6590. 

LawM,  2735. 

.See  also  Bowling  greens;  Croquet 
lawns,  etc.;  Grasses;  Panels, 
Turf;  Turf. 

Leadwork,  3000m8. 

Lectures  on  landscape  architecture, 
see  Landscape  architecture  — 
Lectures,  265-270;  Landscape 
improvement  —  Lectures,  542. 

Ledges,  see  Rocks  —  In  landscape, 
1773. 

Legal  aspects  of  landscape  architec- 
ture, see  Landscape  architec- 
ture—  Legislation,  700;  Land- 
scape architecture  —  Profes- 
sional practice.  Legal  retalions, 
1213. 

Legislation  relating  to  landscape  arch- 
itecture, see  Landscape  ar- 
chitecture—  Legislation,  700; 
Landscape  architecture  —  Pro- 
fessional practice.  Legal  re- 
lations, 1213;  Landscape  archi- 
tecture —  Professional  practice. 
Registration,  1215;  Parks  — 
Legislation,  6014. 
Le  Notre,  Style  of,  see  Landscape  de- 
sign—  Styles.  French  Grand. 
Le  Ndtre,  236. 
Lettering,  1310. 

Libraries'*  —  Grounds,  5530-5545. 
Lichens,    see    Mosses,    lichens,    etc., 
2790.5. 

1 


Light  and  shade  —  In  landscape  com- 
position, 1150-1154. 

Lighting,  3760. 

■See  also  Electric  lighting;  Gar- 
dens—  Lighting;  Gas-lighting; 
Parks    —    Lighting;  Play- 

grounds —  Lighting. 

Line  cuts,  see  Reproduction  of  draw- 
ings —  Line  cuts,  1307. 

Line  drawing,  see  Drawing,  Line,  1290. 

Lithographs,  see  Reproduction  of 
drawings  —  Lithographs,  1305. 

Lots,  Cemetery,  see  Cemeteries  — 
Lots,  5914. 

Lots,  House,  see  Estates  (Private), 
House-lot,  4925-4945. 

Lych  gates,  see  Gates  and  gateways, 
Covered,  3363. 

M 

Macadam  roads,  see  Roads,  Mac- 
adam, 3610m7.5. 

Maintenance,  Landscape,  see  Land- 
scape construction  and  main- 
tenance, 1400-(1490). 

Management  of  types  of  landscajie 
designs,  according  to  use 
(1495),  see  under  the  special 
types,  e.g..  Estate  manage- 
ment; Farm  management; 
Parks  —  Administration;    etc. 

Manholes,  3733. 

Manures,  see  Fertilizers,  1853.2, 1853.5. 

Manuscripts,  Landscape  architecture 
(General  collections),  292. 

Maps,  Topographical,  see  Topographi- 
cal maps,  1241. 

Marine  parks,  see  Seashore  reserva- 
tions and  parks,  6655. 

Marsh  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Bog  and 
marsh,  4443. 

Marsh  plants,  .se*  Plants,  Bog  and 
marsh,  1996,  etc. 

Marshes,  1720-1726. 

Marshes,  Fresh,  1726. 

Marshes,  Salt,  1724. 

Masonry,  3000m3-6. 

Materials  of  construction,  3000. 

See  also  Names  of  special  mate- 
rials, e.g..  Brick,  Concrete,  etc. 

Mazes,  3190. 

Meadows,  3948. 


15 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Mediaeval  gardei 


Gardens,  Me-   Mountain  reservations  and  parks,  see 


diaeval,  225-228;  Gardens, 
Monastic,  226;  Pleasances,  Me- 
diaeval, 227. 

Mediaeval  history  of  landscape  archi- 
tecture, see  Landscape  archi- 
t(ecture  —  History.  Mediaeval, 
225-228. 

Mediaeval  pleasances,  see  Pleasances, 
Mediaeval,  227. 

Medicinal  plants,  see  Plants,  Medici- 
nal, 2067. 

Metalwork,  SOOOmS. 

iS'ce  also  Bronzework;    Ironwork; 
Lead  work. 

Metropolitan  parks,  see  Parks,  Met- 
ropolitan and  county,  6120. 

Military  reservations,  6260. 

Moats,  3492. 

Models,  1331-1339. 

Modern  history  of  landscape  archi- 
tecture, see  Landscape  archi- 
tecture —  Histoii/.  Modem, 
230-242. 

Moghul  (Indian)  style  of  landscape 
design,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Styles.     Indian.     Moghul,  247. 

Mohammedan  styles  of  landscape  de- 
sign, see  Landscape  design  — 
St7jles,  subdivisions:  Indian. 
Moghul,  247;  Moorish,  231; 
Persian,  246. 

Monastic  gardens,  sec  Gardens,  Mo- 
nastic, 226. 

Monotony,  in  landscape  composition, 
see  Landscape  composition,  1 120. 

Monuments,  3440. 

Monuments  —  In  cemeteries,  5916. 

Monuments,  National,  see  Historic 
features  in  landscape,  (6230); 
Parks,  National,  6110. 

Monuments,  Natural,  see  Natural 
monuments,  6244. 

Moorish  style  of  landscape  design,  see 
Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
Moorish,  231. 

Mosses,  lichens,  etc.,  2790.5. 

Motor  race-tracks,  see  Race-tracks, 
Motor,  6586. 

Motoring,  Provision  for  in  large  land- 
scape parks,  see  Parks  —  Use, 
6010;   Parks  —  Roads,  6039. 


Hill  and  mountain  reservations 

and  parks,  6230-6234. 
Mountains   and   hiUs,   see  Hills   and 

mountains,  1760-1766. 
Mounting  blocks,  3418. 
Mounts  (in  Tudor  gardens),  3243. 
Movement  —  In    landscape    composi- 
tion, 1158. 
See  also  Animals  —  In  landscape: 

Crowds  —  In  landscape. 
Municipal    forests,    see    Forests    and 

forestry.  Municipal,  6139. 
Municipal  landscape  reservations,  see 

Reservations,  Landscape,  6190- 

6230. 
Municipal  parks,  see  Parks,  Municipal, 

6120. 
Municipal    water-supply    areas,     .see 

Water-supply        reservations, 

6150-6172. 
"  Museum  "    gardens,    see    Botanical 

gardens,  5800-5825. 
Museums**  —  Grounds,  5530-5545. 
Museums  of  landscape  architecture, 

see   Landscape   architecture  — 

Musewns,  (70)-85. 
Music  courts,  3198,  6034. 
Music  groves,  see  Music  courts,  0034. 

N 

Name  of  profession  of  landscape  arch- 
itecture, see  Landscape  archi- 
tecture —  Name,  302. 

Names,  Plant,  see  Plant  names,  (1874), 
1876. 

National  forests,  see  Forests  and  fores- 
try. National,  6135. 

National  monuments,  see  Historic 
features  in  landscape,  (6240); 
Parks,  National,  6110. 

National  parks,  see  Parks,  National, 
6110. 

National  planning,**  9000. 

Native  plants,  see  Plants,  Native  (and 
note),  1877,  etc.,  2789. 

Natural  monuments,**  6244. 

Natural  scenery,  see  Landscape,  1050- 
(1055),  3900-3975. 

Naturalistic  design,  see  Landscape 
design  —  Styles.  Naturalistic, 
1040. 


116 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Naturalistic  gardens,  see  Gardens, 
Naturalistic,  4274;  Gardens, 
Wild,  4439. 

Naturalistic  styles  of  landscape  design, 
see  Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
Naturalistic,  1040. 

Naturalized  plants,  see  Plants,  Wild- 
garden,  (2048),  2789. 

Neighborhood  parks,  see  Parks,  Neigh- 
borhood, 6400-64.50. 

Niches,  3319. 

Night  effects  —  In  landscape  compo- 
sition, 1154. 
See  also  Gardens  —  Night  effects. 

Northpoints,  1315. 

Nuisances,  Plant,  see  Plant  nuisances, 
2069,  2969. 

Nurseries  (Plant),  1871. 

Nurseries  (Plant)  —  Catalogues,  1238. 

Nurserymen,  1222. 


() 
Offices  of  landscape  architects,  see 
Landscape  architecture  —  Pro- 
fessional practice.  Office  organ- 
ization and  equipment,  1230- 
1239. 

"  Old-fashioned  "  gardens,  see  Gar- 
dens, "  Old-fashioned,"  4465. 

Olmstedian  style  of  landscape  design, 
see  Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
American  landscape.  Olmsted, 
239. 

Orangeries,  3180. 

Orchard  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Fruit, 
4414. 

Orchards,  2140. 

See  also  Fruit  trees. 

Oriental  landscape  architecture,  see 
Landscape  architecture  —  His- 
tory. Oriental;  Landscape  de- 
sign —  Styles.  Chinese;  Jap- 
anese; etc.;  243-248. 

Orientation,  1152. 

"  Ornamental  water,"  see  Water  —  In 
landscape,  1660;  Water  features 
(architectural  and  sculptural), 
3445-3452. 

Outdoor  life,  305.  (Landscape  archi- 
tecture as  promoting.) 

Outdoor  recreation  areas,  see  Camps 


Recreation,  5180-5195;  Parks, 
6000-6800-f-;  Playgrounds, 
6500-6595;  Reservations,  Pub- 
he,  6100-6260;  Waterfronts 
Recreational,  6600-6665. 

Outdoor  theaters,  see  Theaters,  Out- 
door, 3198. 

Outlooks,  1197,  3153. 

See  oiso  Gazebos;  Towers. 

Overhead  wires,  see  Wires,  Overhead, 
3718. 

Overlooks,  .see  Outlooks,  1197,  3153. 


P 

Pagodas,  3153. 

Painting,  1251. 

See  also  Landscape  painting. 

Panels,  Sunk,  3240. 

Panels,  Turf,  2736. 

Pantagraphs,  see  Drawing  instruments 
1251.5. 

Parapets,  3311. 

See  also   Balustrades;    Copings; 
Railings. 

Park  accounting,  see  Parks  —  Con- 
struction and  maintenance.  Cost 
accounting,  6041. 

Park  cemeteries,  see  Cemeteries,  5909. 

Park  commissions,  see  Parks  —  Com- 
missions, 6016. 

Park  furniture,  6037,  (6337),  (6437). 

Park  reports,  .see  Parks  —  fl«por(s, 
6020. 

Park  seats,  see  Seats,  Park,  6037,  etc. 

Parks,**    6000-6800 +  .      (Geographi- 
cal subdivision  to  be  used.) 
See  also    Playgrounds;    Reserva- 
tions, Public. 

—  Administration,  6015. 

See    also    Parks  —  Commi-isions; 
Parks  —  Regulations. 

—  Bridges,  6038. 

—  Buildings,  6036,  (6336),  (6436). 
See  also  Parks  —  Restaurants;  Pa- 
vilions,   shelters,    etc.;     Play- 
grounds —  Buildings;     Service 
buildings  and  structures. 

—  Commissions,  6016. 

—  Concessions,  6022. 

See     also     Camps,     Recreation; 
Parks  —  Restaurants. 


117 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Parks  (continued). 

—  Construction    and    maintenance, 

6040-6045,  (6340-6345),  (6440- 
6445). 

—  Construction     and     maintenance. 

Cost  accounting,  6041. 

—  Design,       6025-6039,        (6325), 

(6425). 
See  also  Gardens  —  In  parks. 

—  Entrances,  6039,  (6339),  (6439). 
• —  Legislation,  6014. 

—  Lighting,  6037,  (6337),  (6437). 

—  Nomenclature,  6001. 

—  Paths,    see    Parks  —  Roads  and 

paths,  6039,  (6339),  (6439). 

—  Periodicals,  6002. 

—  Planting,  6033,  (6333),  (6433). 

—  Regulations,  6018. 

—  Reports,  6020. 

—  Restaurants,  6036,  (6336),  (6436). 
.See  also  Restaurants,  Outdoor. 

—  Roads  and  paths,  6039,    (6.339), 

(6439). 

—  Shelters,  see  Parks  —  Buildings, 

6036,  (6336),  (6436). 

—  Societies,  6005. 

—  Statistics,  6009. 

—  Use,  6010. 

Parks,    Amusement,   see   Amusement 

parks,  5700-5725. 
Parks,  Country,  see  Parks,  Landscape, 

6029,  6329. 
Parks,  County,  see  Parks,  Metropoli- 
tan and  County,  6120. 
Parks,  Formal,  6028,  6328,  6428.    (Let 

attract  in  preference  to  Large 

and  Small.) 
Parks,  Hill  and  mountain,  see  Hill  and 

mountain      reservations      and 

parks,  6230-6634. 
Parks,  Lake  and  pond,  see  Lake  and 

pond  reservations  and  parks, 

6660. 
Parks,  Landscape,  6029,  6329,  6429. 

(Let   attract  in   preference   to 

Large  and  Small.) 
Parks,**  Large,   6300-6355.     (Prefer 

Formal  or  Landscape  to  Large, 

if  possible.) 
Parks,  Metropolitan  and  county,  6120. 
Parks,  Municipal,  6120. 
Parks,  National,  6110. 


Parks,  Neighborhood,  6400-6450. 

■See  also  Parks,  Small;  Recrea- 
tion centers. 

Parks,  River,  see  River  reservations 
and  parks,  6665. 

Parks,  Seashore,  see  Seashore  reserva- 
tions and  parks,  6655. 

Parks,**  Small,  6400-6450.  (Prefer 
Formal,  Landscape,  or  Neigh- 
borhood, to  Small,  if  possible.) 

Parks,  State,  6115. 

Parks,  Water,  see  Waterfronts,  Recrea- 
tional, 6600-6665. 

Parks,  Zoological,  see  Zoological  parks, 
5750-5775. 

Parterres,  3217. 

Pastel  drawing,  see  Drawing,  Pastel, 
1296. 

Pastoral  landscape,  3945. 

Pastures,    see    Pastoral    landscape, 
3945. 

Paths,**  3600-3620,  3640-(3648). 
.See   also    Bicycle   paths;     Bridle 
paths;  Stepping  stones;  Trails. 

Paths,  Entrance  to  estates,  etc.,  3643. 

Pavements,  3610. 
iSee  also  Roads. 

Pavements,  Asphalt,  3610to6.2. 

Pavements,  Bituminous,  3610m6.2. 
See     also     Pavements,     Asphalt. 

Pavements,  Brick,  3610m4. 

Pavements,  Cement  concrete,  3610to6. 

Pavements,  Concrete,  see  Pavements, 
Cement  concrete,  3610m6. 

Pavements,  Ornamental,  3615,  3642. 

Pavements,  Stone,  36107«5. 

Pavements,  Tar,  3610m6.5. 

Pavements,  Tile,  3610m4. 

Pavements,  Wood,  3610to1. 

Pavihons,  shelters,  etc.,  3155. 

See  also  Arbors;  Bandstands, 
Bath  -  houses;  Boat  -  houses ; 
Gazebos;  Pagodas;  Parks  — 
Buildings;  Pergolas;  Tea 
houses. 

Pedestals,  3428. 

.See  also  Monuments;  Statuary; 
Sundials;  Urns,  vases,  etc. 

Pen  and  ink  drawing,  see  Drawing, 
Pen  and  ink,  1292. 

Pencil  drawing,  xee  Drawing,  Pencil, 
1291. 


118 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Perennials  (herbaceous  i)Iants),  see 
Herbaceous  plants,  Perennial, 
2783. 

Pergolas,  3160. 

.See  also  Arbors. 

Periodicals  on  landscape  architecture, 
parks,  etc.,  see  Landscape  archi- 
tecture —  Periodicals,  (1)-14 ; 
Parks  —  Periodicals,  6002; 
Playgrounds  —  Periodicals, 
6502. 

Perrons,  3393. 

Persian  style  of  landscape  design,  see 
Landscape  design  —  Styles. 
Persian,  246. 

Perspective,  1270-1274. 

Perspective  —  In  landscape  compnxi- 
tion,  1155. 

Perspective,  Aerial,  see  Atmosphere 
—  In  landscape  composition, 
1156. 

Perspective,  Atmospheric,  see  Atmos- 
phere —  In  landscape  compo- 
Htion,  1156. 

Perspective  drawings,  1270-1274. 

Perspective  drawings,  Birdseye,  1274. 

Perspectives,  see  Perspective  draw- 
ings, 1270. 

Pests,  see  Insect  pests;  Plants  — 
Diseases  and  pests;  Trees  — 
Diseases  and  pests;  etc.;  1865- 
1868.3. 

Photographic  surveying,  see  Survey- 
ing, Photographic,  1241,  1244. 

Photographs  (Reproduction  of  draw- 
ings), see  Reproduction  of  draw- 
ings —  Photographs,  1303. 

Photographs,  Landscape  architecture 
(General  collections),  286. 

Photography,  1243. 

Photography,  Aerial,  1244. 

See  also  Surveying,  Photographic, 
Aerial,  1244. 

Photolithographs,  see  Reproduction 
of  drawings  —  Lithographs, 
1305. 

Picnic  groves,  6334. 

.See  also  Fireplaces,  Outdoor. 

Pictorial  compositions,  see  Landscape 
composition,  1174-1185. 

Pictorial    representation,    see  Repre- 
sentation (Graphic),  1270-1274. 
1 


I  "  Picturesque,"   The,   see   Landscape 
design  —  Esthetic  theory;  Land- 
j  scape  effects;  1060. 

!  Piers,  Recreation,  6636. 
I  Piggeries,  see  Farm  buildings,  3105. 

Piling,  see  Shores  —  Stntclural  treat- 
ment, 3255. 

Pipe-laying,  see  Pipes  and  pipe-laying, 
(1420),  3710. 

Pipes**  and  pipe-laying,  (1420),  3710. 
See  also  Aqueducts;      Conduits, 
Electric;      Gas-pipes;      Sewer- 
pipes;        Subsurface    utilities; 
Water-pipes. 

Piping,  see  Pipes  and  pipe-laying, 
(1420),  3710. 

Plains,  1740. 

1  Planes  of  distance,  in  landscape  com- 
position, see  Landscape  compo- 
sition, 1180. 

Planimeters,  1251.5. 

Plans,  1263-1285. 

Plans,  Construction,  1278. 

Plans,  Detail,  1278. 

Plans,  General,  1276. 

Plans,  Grading,  1278. 

Plans,  Landscape  Architecture  (Gen- 
eral collections),  282. 

Plans,  Planting,  1285. 

Plans,  Preliminary,  1266. 

Plans,  Show,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Presentation,  1251. 

Plans,  Topographical,  see  Topographi- 
cal maps,  1241. 

Plant  breeding,  1860.2. 

Plant  introduction,  1862.1. 

Plant  labels,  1873. 

Plant  lists,'  1902,  2202,  2502,  2802. 

Plant  materials  of  landscape  design, 
see  Planting  design;  Plants  — 
In  landscape;  1800-2969. 

Plant  names,  (1874),  1876. 

Plant  naturalization,  .see  Gardens, 
Wild,  4439;  Plant  introduc- 
tion, 1862.1;  Plants,  Wild- 
garden,  (2048),  2789. 

Plant  nuisances,  2069,  2969. 

.See  also  Poisonous  plants;  Weeds. 

Plant  order  lists,  1233.5. 

1  The  term  Plant  lists  ha«  been  used  for 
lista  of  plants  according  to  size,  color,  uses, 
etc..  as  distinguished  from  Planting  lists  to 
accompany  planting  plans. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Plant  pots  and  boxes,  see  Flower  pots 
and  boxes;  Tree  boxes,  pots, 
etc.;  Window  boxes;  3466-3467. 

Plant  quarantine,  1865.4. 

Plant  windows,  3140. 
See  also  Greenhouses. 

Plantations,**  1820-1849,  2120-2145, 
2420-2429,  2720-2741. 
See  also  vUl^es;  Border  planta- 
tions; Bosquets;  Carpet  beds; 
Edgings;  Gardens;  Ground 
cover;  Hedges;  Herbaceous 
beds  and  borders;  Lawns; 
Orchards;  Panels,  Turf;  Plant- 
ing design;  Pleached  alleys; 
Roadside  planting;  Screen 
plantations;  Seashore  ))lant- 
ing;  Shrub  beds;  Topiary 
work;  Tree  and  shrub  groujis: 
Waterside  planting;  Wind- 
breaks; Woodlands. 

—  Maintenance,  1870. 

—  Relation  to  buildings,  1841. 

—  Relation  to  roads,   see   Roadside 

planting,  1848. 

—  Relation  to  structures,  1840-1848. 

—  Relation  to  topography,  1835. 

—  Relation  to  water,   see  Seashore 

planting,      1839;       Waterside 
planting,  1838. 

—  Seasonal  e feats,  1834.  (Subdivide: 

Spring,  Summer,  Autumn,  Win- 
ter.) 
See  also  Gardens  —  Seasonal  ef- 
fects;   Plants  —  Seasonal    ap- 
pearance, 

—  Thinning,  2110. 

See  also  Tree  cutting  (Landscape 
construction). 

Planting,  see  Plantations;  Planting 
and  transplanting;  Planting 
design;  Plants;  (1437),  1800- 
2969. 

Planting,  Roadside,  see  Roadside 
planting,  1848,  2045,  (3609). 

Planting  about  buildings;  bridges; 
etc.,  see  Plantations  —  Rela- 
tion to  buildings;  etc.,  1841;  etc. 

Planting  and  transplanting,  1861. 
See  also  Tree  moving. 

Planting  design,**  180.5-1849,  2105, 
2405,  2705. 


Planting  design  {continued). 

See    also    Landscape    character; 

Landscape  design. 
Planting  design  —  Color  effects,  1960, 

2260,  2560,  2860. 
Planting  design  —  S<?/ies,  1816-1819. 
Planting     design  —  Styles.     Formal, 

1818. 
Planting    design  —  Styles.    Naturalis- 
tic, 1819. 
Planting  lists  (to  accompany  plans), 

1348. 
Planting  plans,   see  Plans,   Planting, 

1285. 
Planting  seasons,  1851.5. 
Planting  strips  (Road),  3620. 
Planting  tables,  see  Plant  lists,  1902, 

etc. 
Plants,**  1800-2969. 

—  Acclimatization,  see  Plant  intro- 

duction, 1862.1. 

—  Bark,  1930,  2230,  2530. 

—  Cold  storage,  1862. 

—  Color,  1965,  2265,  2565,  2865. 

—  Digging,   packing,  and  shipment, 

1862.2. 

—  Diseases  and  pests,  1865-1868.3. 
See   also   Gardens,   Vegetable  — 

Diseases  and  pests;  Herbaceous 
plants.  —  Diseases  and  pests; 
Insect  pests;  Trees  —  Diseases 
and  pests. 

—  Environments,  1980-2022,  2280- 

2322,  2580-2622,  2880-2922. 
.See  also  Plants,  Alpine;    Plants, 
Arctic;   etc.,  etc. 

—  Flower,  1920,  2220,  2520,  2820- 

2824. 

—  Foliage,    1905-1918,    2205-2218, 

2502-2518, 2805-2817. 

—  For7n,    see    Plants  —  Habit    and 

shape,  1935-(1955),  etc. 

—  Fruit,  1925,  2225,  2525,  2825. 
.See  also  Fruit  trees;    Shrubs  — 

Fruit. 

—  Germination,  1855.4. 

—  Habit  and   shape,    1935-(1955), 

2235-2236,  2535-2536,  2835. 

—  Hybridization,  see  Plant  breeding, 

1860.2. 

—  In  landscape,  1800-2969. 

—  Injuries,  1863. 


120 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Plants  —  Injuries  (continued). 
See  also  Trees  —  Injuries. 

—  Packing,    see    Plants  —  Digging, 

packing,  and  shipment,  1862.2. 

—  Pollination,  1855.2. 

—  Propagation,  1860.1. 

—  Protection,  1862.3. 

—  Rate  of  growth,  1933,  2233,  2533, 

2833. 
See  also  Trees  —  Rate  of  growth. 

—  Reservations  for  protection,  6256. 

—  Scent,  1970,  2270,  2570,  2870. 
See  also  Herbs,  Sweet. 

—  Seasonal  appearance,  1975,  2275, 

2575,  2875.  (Subdivide: Spring, 
Summer,  Autumn,  Winter.) 

—  Seed  dispersal,  1855.3. 

—  Shipment,  see  Plants  —  Digging, 

packing,  and  shipment,  1862.2. 

—  Staking,  see  Plants  —  Training, 

1862. 

—  Texture,  1960,  2260,  2560,  2860. 

—  Training,  1862. 

See  ako  Fruit  trees.  Trained. 
Plants,  Alpine,  2003,   (2303).  (2603), 
2791,  (2903). 
.See  also  Gardens,  Alpine. 
Plants,  Arctic,   1985,   (2285),  (2585), 

(2885). 
Plants,   Bedding,  .see  Bedding  plants, 

2794. 
Plants,  Bee-attracting,  2060. 
Plants,  Bird-attracting,  2059. 

See  aha  Bird   sanctuaries;    Gar- 
dens, Bird;   Plants  —  Frtdt. 
Plants,  Bog  and  marsh,  1996,  (2296), 
(2596),  2896. 
iSiee  also  Gardens,  Bog  and  marsh. 
Plants,     Clay-loving,     2001,     (2301), 

(2601),  (2901). 
Plants,  Deciduous,  1910,  2210,  2510. 

See  also  Trees,  Deciduous. 

Plants,  Desert,  1992,  (2292),  (2592), 

(2892). 

.See  also  Plants,  Sand-loving. 

Plants,    Evergreen,    see    Evergreens, 

1907,  2207,  2507. 
Plants,  Flowering,  see  Plants — Floirer, 

1920,  etc. 
Plants,    "  Freak,"   see    Plant    curiosi- 
ties 1895. 


Plants,  Greenhouse,  see  Greenhouse 
and  house  plants,  2042,  2796. 

Plants,  House,  see  Greenhouse  and 
house  plants,  2042,  2797. 

Plants,  Medicinal,  2067. 

Plants,  Native,  1877,  2177,  2477, 
2777,  2789.  (Geographical  sub- 
division to  be  used.) 

Plants,  Poisonous,  2069. 

Plants,  Prairie,  2003.1,  (2323.1), 
(2623.1),  (2923.1). 

Plants,  Rock,  (2003),  (2323),  (2623), 

2791,  (2923). 

.See  also  Gardens,  Rock. 
Plants,    .Sand-loving,     1999,     (2299), 

(2.599),  (2899). 
See  also  Plants,  Desert. 
Plants,    Scented,    see   Plants — Scent, 

1970,  etc. 
Plants,  Seashore,  2000,  2011,  (2300), 

(2311),  (2600),  (2611),  (2900), 

(2911). 
.Sec  also  Gardens,  Seashore. 
Plants,  Shade-enduring,  1988,  (2288), 

(2588),  (2888). 
Plants,  Smoke-enduring,  2015,  (2315), 

(2615),  (291.5). 
Plants,  Specimen,   1821,  2035,  2121, 

2421. 
.See  cdso  Botanical  gardens;    Gar- 
dens —  Exhibitions;   Gardens, 

.Specimen. 
Plants,    Subtropical,     1983,     (2283), 

(2583),  (2883). 
Plants,  Succulent,  see  Bedding  plants, 

2794;    Greenhouse  and   house 

plants,  2796,  2797. 
Plants,  Tropical,  1982,  (2282),  (2.582), 

(2882). 
See  also  Gardens,  Tropical. 
Plants,  Tub,  see  Tub    plants,  2038, 

etc. 
Plants,  Water,  1997,   (2297),   (2597), 

2792,  (2897). 

See    also    Gardens,    Water    and 
waterside. 
Plants,  Wild-garden,  (2048),  2789. 

.See  also  Gardens,  Wild. 
Plants,  Wind-enduring,  2013,  (2313), 

(2613),  (2913). 
Plants,  Window-box,  .see  Window-box 
plants,  2040. 


121 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Plants,  Woods,  1994.5-1995,  (2294.5- 
2295),   (2594.5-2595),  (2894.5- 


See  also  Woodlands. 
Playfields,  see  Athletic  fields,  6575. 
Playgrounds,**    6500-6595.        (Geo- 
graphical   subdivision    to    be 
used.) 
See  also  Athletic  fields;    Recrea- 
tion centers;  Sports  and  games 
—  Grounds. 

—  Administralion,  6515. 

—  Apparatus,    see    Playgrounds  — 

Equipment,  6538. 

—  Buildings,  6536. 
See  also  Gymnasiums. 

—  Construction     and     nuiintenance , 

6540-6541. 

—  Design,  6525-6539. 

—  Equipment,  6530-6539. 

—  Fieldhouses,   see  Playgrounds  — 

Buildings,  6536. 

—  Games,  6520. 

—  Lighting,  6539. 

—  Management,  see  Playgrounds  — 

Administration,  6515. 

—  Periodicals,  6502. 

—  Planting,  6533. 

—  Societies,  6505. 

—  Statistics,  6509. 

—  Surfacing,     see     Playgrounds  — 

Construction   and  maintenance, 
6531. 

Playgrounds,  Block-interior,  6565. 

Playgrounds,  Home,  6567. 

Playgrounds,  Roof,  6564. 

Playgrounds,  School,  6560. 

See      also      Schools,      Public  — 
Grounds. 

Playhouses,  3157. 

Pleached  alleys,  2133. 

Pleasances,  Mediaeval,  227.  ! 

Pleasure  buildings**  and  structures, 
3150-3219. 
.See  ako  names  of  buildings  and 
structures  for  pleasure  pur- 
poses; e.g..  Arbors; Boat-houses; 
Gazebos;  Pergolas;  Tennis 
courts ;  Theaters,  Outdoor ; 
etc. 

Pleasure  gardens,  see  Gardens,  4425- 
(4480). 

122 


Poisonous  plants,  see  Plants,  Poison- 
ous, 2069. 

Pole  line  construction,  see  Wires, 
Overhead  (1429),  3718. 

Poles  and  wires,  see  Wires,  Overhead, 
(1429),  3718. 

Polo  fields  (Equestrian),  6587. 

Ponds,  see  Lakes,  ponds,  etc.,  1680- 
1686. 

Pools,  basins,  etc.,  3448-3449. 

See  also  Aqueducts,  Garden; 
Fountains;  Swimming  pools; 
Wading  pools. 

Postcards,  Landscape  architecture 
(General  collections)  ,286. 

Posts  and  post-finials,  3318. 

See  also  Balustrades;  Fences; 
Gates  and  gateways;  Hitch- 
ing posts;  Urns,  vases,  etc.; 
WaUs. 

Pot  plants  (for  ornamental  outdoor 
use),  see  Tub  plants,  2038. 

Pots,  Plant,  see  Flower  pots  and  boxes; 
Tree  boxes,  pots,  etc.;  Urns, 
vases,  etc.;  3465-3467. 

Pottery,  Garden,  3430n!7. 

Potting  sheds,  see  Greenhouses,  (1864), 
3140. 

Power,  Electric,  see  Electric  power 
supply,  3773. 

Practice,  Professional,  of  landscape 
architecture,  see  Landscape 
architecture  —  Professional 
practice,  1200-1357. 

Prairies,  3915. 

Preliminary  plans,  see  Plans,  Prelim- 
inary, 1266. 

Presentation  of  landscape  design,  «ee 
Landscape  design  —  Presenta- 
tion, 1250-1346. 

Preservation  of  scenery,  .see  Land- 
scape preservation ;  Reserva- 
tions, Landscape;  6190-6230. 

Prints,  see  Reproduction  of  drawings 

—  Pri7its,  1300. 
Proceedings  of  congresses,  societies, 
etc.,  see  Cemeteries  —  Socie- 
ties, 5902;  Landscape  archi- 
tecture —  Congresses,  (40)-46; 
Landscape  architecture  —  So- 
cieties, (20)-39;  Parks  —  So- 
cieties, 6005. 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Professional  practice  of  landscape 
architecture,  see  Landscape 
architecture  —  Profesiioyial 
practice,    1200-1357. 

Profiles,  1282. 

Promontories,  see  Shores,  1701. 

Propagation,  see  Plants  —  Propaga- 
tion, 1860.1. 

Protection  of  landscape  work  from 
damage,  see  Landscape  con- 
struction and  maintenance, 
1460. 

Protection  of  plants,  see  Plants  — 
Protection,  1862.3. 

Protection  of  shores,  see  Shore  pro- 
tection, 1665,  3250-3265. 

Pruning,  1862. 

Public  buildings**  — 6Vo»M</.s,  5500- 
5590. 

Pubhc  comfort  stations,  3149. 

Public  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Public, 
6400-6450. 

Publicity  for  landscape  architects, 
see  Landscape  architecture  — 
Professiottul  practice.  Advertis- 
ing and  publicity,  1223. 

Putting  green.s  (Golf),  see  Golf  courses, 
6589;  Grasses,  2788. 


Quarantine,  Plant,  yee  Plant  quaran- 
tine, 1865.4. 

U 

Race-tracks,  6585-6586. 

Race-tracks,  Motor,  6586. 

Railings,  3316. 

Railroad   bridges,   nee   Bridges,   Rail- 
road, 3529. 

Railroad  gardening,  see  Railroads  — 
Planting,  5463. 

Railroads**  —  Grounds,  5450-5475. 
,S>e  (dso  Railroads,  Subdivisions: 
Planting,  Rights  of  tvay,  Station 
grouiuls. 

Railroads  —  Planting,  5463. 

Railroads  —  Rights  of  way,  5450-5475. 

Railroads  —  Station    grounds,     5450- 
5475. 

Rain  and  rainfall,  3741. 

Ramps,  3395. 


Ramps,  Water,  see  Water  ramps,  3451. 

Recreation  areas,  Outdoor,  see  Camps, 
Recreation,  5180-5195;  Parks, 
6000  -  6800  -I- ;  Playgrounds, 
6.500-<;595;  Reservations,  Pub- 
lie,  0100-6260;  Waterfronts 
Recreational,  6600-6665. 

Recreation  camps,  see  Camps,  Recre- 
ation, 5180-5195. 

Recreation  centers,  6555. 

Recreation  piers,  see  Piers,  Recreation, 
6636. 

Reflections  (in  water  surfaces  in  land- 
scape), see  Water — In  land- 
scape, 1660. 

Regional  planning,**  8500. 

Registration  of  landscape  architects, 
see  Landscape  architecture  — 
Professional  practice.  Registra- 
lion,  1215. 

Reinforced  concrete,  see  Concrete,  Re- 
inforced, 30OOm6. 

Renaissance  styles  of  landscape  design, 
see  Landscape  design  —  Styles, 
subdivisions :  English  Renais- 
sance, 234;  French  Renaissance, 
233;   Italian  Renaissance,  232. 

Rendering,  128f^l299. 

.See  also  Representation  (Graphic), 
Decorative. 

Rendering  in  color,  1295,  1299. 

Repetition,  in  landscape  composition, 
.?ec  Land-scape  composition,  1 120. 

Reports,  Landscape  architect's,  see 
Landscape  architecture  —  Pro- 
fessional practice.  Reports, 
1245,  1342. 

Reports,  Park,  .see  Parks  —  Reports, 
6020. 

Representation  (Graphic).  1250. 

See  also  Drawing;   Land.seape  de- 
sign—  Presentation. 

Representation     (Graphic),     Decora- 
tive, 1289. 
See  a/so  Rendering. 

Representation  of  architectural  forms, 
1329. 

Representation    of   landscape   forms, 
1320-1330. 
See  also  Drawing;  Models;    Ren- 
dering;    etc.,    and    names    of 
specific  forms,  e.g.,  Trees. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Representation  of  trees,  see  Trees  — 

Representation,  1325. 
Reproduction  of  drawings,  1300-1309. 

—  Half-tone  cuts,  1308. 

—  Line  cuts,  1307. 

—  Lithographs,  1305. 

—  Photographs,  1303. 

—  Pnnts,    1301.     (Subdivide  if  ne- 

cessary into:  Blue,  Van  Dyke, 
etc.) 

—  Rubbings,  1309. 

Reputation,  Professional,  of  the 
landscape  architect,  see  Land- 
scape architecture  —  Profes- 
sional practice,  1210. 

Reservations,  Forest,  see  Forest  reser- 
vations, 6126-6144. 

Reservations,**  Landscape,  6190- 
6230. 

Reservations,**  Public,  6100-6260. 
(Public  reserved  land  not  de- 
veloped for  intensive  recreative 
use.  Cf.  Parks.) 
.See  also  Animals  —  Reservations 
for  protection;  Bird  sanctu- 
aries; Forest  reservations; 
Military  reservations;  Parks, 
National;  Plants — Reserva- 
tions for  protection;  Reserva- 
tions, Landscape;  Water-sup- 
ply reservations;  and  Lake, 
Hill  and  mountain.  River,  and 
other  landscape  forms  which 
are  publicly  reserved. 

Reservations,  Water-supply,  see  Water- 
supply  reservations,  6150- 
6172. 

Reserve  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Re- 
serve, 452.5-4545. 

Reservoirs,  6165-6172. 

Residence  groups,  see  Building  groups, 
Residential,  3054.5. 

Residences,  see  Estates  (Private); 
Houses,  3060. 

Restaurants,  Outdoor,  5730-5745. 
See  also  Concert  gardens;    Tea 
gardens. 

Restaurants,  Park,  see  Parks  —  Res- 
taurants, 8036. 

Retaining  walls,  see  Walls,  Retaining, 
(3260),  3331-3332. 


Rhythm,  in  landscape  composition, 
see  Landscape  composition, 
1121. 

Riding  paths,  see  Bridle  paths,  3634. 

Rinks,  see  Bowling  greens,  3211,  6592; 
Skating  rinks,  6593. 

Rip  rap,  see  Shores  —  Structural  treat- 
ment, 3265. 

River  reservations  and  parks,  6215- 
6219;  6665. 

Rivers,  1692. 

Road  binders,  3613. 

See  also  Dust  prevention. 

Road  signs,  3622. 

Roads,**  3600-3636. 

See  aho  Bridle  paths;  Causeways; 
Lanes;  Pavements;  Planting 
strips  (Road);  Roadside  grad- 
ing; Roadside  planting;  Trails; 
Turnarounds;  "  Woodroads  ' ' ; 
and  NAC  Classification,  Streets. 

Roads  —  Adaptation  to  topography  and 
traffic,  see  Roads  —  Design. 
3603-3604. 

Roads  —  Construction     and    mainten- 
ance, 3610. 
See  also  Pavements;   Road  bind- 
ers. 

Roads  —  Cross-section,  width,  etc.,  see 
Roads  —  Design,  3606. 

Roads  —  Design,  3602-(3609). 

Roads  —  Improvement,  570. 
See  also  Roadside  planting. 

Roads  —  Location ,  see  Roads  —  De- 
sign, 3603. 

Roads,  Broken  stone,  3610?re7.5. 

Roads,  Cinder,  36107n8.5. 

Roads,  Earth,  3610m8.5. 

Roads,    Entrance    to    estates,    etc., 
3627. 
See  also  Roads,  Service. 

Roads,  Gravel,  3610m8.5. 

Roads,  Macadam,  3610w7.5. 

Roads,  National,  9200. 

Roads,  Parks,  see  Parks  —  Roads, 
6039;  etc. 

Roads,  Service,  3628. 

Roads,  Shell,  3610?n9. 

Roads,  Tanbark,  3610m9. 

Roads,  Telford,  3610m7.5. 

Roads,  Turf,  3610/n9. 

Roadside  grading,  3608. 


124 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Roadside  iniproveinent,  see  Roads  — 

Improvement,    570;     Roadside 

planting,  1848. 
Roadside  planting,  1848,  2045,  (3609). 

.See  also  Trees,  Street. 
Rock  (factor  in  construction),  1434. 

.S'ee  also  Blasting. 
Rock    (natural     forms),     .sec     Rocks 

—  In  landscape,  1770-1775. 
Rock    gardens,    see    Gardens,    Rock, 

4441. 
Rock   planting,   see   Gardens,    Rock, 

4441;     Plants,    Rock,    (2003), 

2791. 
Rock  plants,  see  Plants,  Rock,  (2003), 

2791. 
Rocks**  —  In  landscape,  1770-1775. 
Rocky  sites  for  estates,  see  Estates 

(Private),  Rocky,  4912. 
Rockwork,  Artificial,  1775. 
Roman  style  of  landscape  design,  see 

Landscape      design  —  Styles. 

Classic,  219. 
Romantic  styles  of  landscape  design, 

see  Landscape  design  —  Styles. 

Romantic,  1043. 
Roof  gardens,  4388. 
Roof   playgrounds,   see    Playgrounds, 

Roof,  6564. 
Roque  courts,  see  Croquet  lawns,  3208. 
Rose  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Rose,  4418. 
Roses,  Garden,  2486. 

See  also  Gardens,  Rose. 
Rotation  of  crops,  1853.8. 
Rubbings    (of   pencil    drawings),    see 

Reproduction    of    drawings  — 

Rubbings,  1309. 
Ruins    (in    Romantic    land.s^apc   de- 
signs), 3155. 
Running  tracks,  6584. 
Rural  improvement,  573. 
Rural  planning,'*  8700. 
Rustic  work,  3000ml. 5. 


Sand  beaches,  see  Beaches,  1703. 
Sand  dunes,  see  Dunes,  Sand,  1765. 
Sandy  soil.  Plants  enduring,  see  Plants, 

Sand-loving,  1999,  etc. 
Sanitariums  —  Grounds  see  Hospitals, 

asylums,  etc.  —  Grounds,  5200- 

5225. 


Scale  —  In  landscape  composition, 
1140-1141. 

Scales,  Graphical,  1315. 

Scenery,  Natural,  see  Landscape, 
1050-1055,  3900-3975. 

Scenic  reservations,  see  Reservations, 
Landscape,  6190-6230. 

Scent  of  vegetation,  see  Plant.s  — 
.S'ceH(,  1970,  etc. 

Scented  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Scented, 
4448. 

Scented  plants,  see  Plants  —  Scent, 
1970,  etc. 

School  gardens,  see  Gardens,  School, 
4460. 

School  playgrounds,  see  Playgrounds, 
School,  6560. 

Schools,  Private  —  Grounds,  see  Col- 
leges, schools  (private),  etc.  — 
Grounds,  5250-5275. 

Schools,  Professional,  of  landscape 
architecture,  see  Landscape 
architecture  —  Study  and  leach- 
ii^,  900-998. 

Schools,**    Public  —  Grou/u/«,    5550- 
5565. 
See  also  Gardens,  School;    Play- 
grounds, School. 

Schools,  Public  —  Study  and  teaching 
of  landscape  improvement,  see 
Landscape  improvement  — 
Study  and  teaching  (Public 
schools),  548. 

Screen  plantations,  1827,  2127,  2427. 
See  also  Border  plantations. 

Sculpture,  see  Statuary,  3460. 

Sea  and  seashore,  1670. 

See  also  Beaches;  Shores. 

Sea  walls,  see  Walls,  Sea,  3332. 

Seashore,  see  Sea  and  seashore,  1670. 

Seashore  estates,  see  Estates  (Pri- 
vate), Seashore,  4910. 

Seashore  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Sea- 
shore, 4355. 
Seashore  planting,  1839. 
Seashore  plants,  see  Plants,  Seashore, 

2000,  2011,  etc. 
Seashore  reservations  and  parks,  6205- 

6209,  6655. 
Seasonal  appearance  of  vegetation,  see 
Plants  —  Seasonal  appearance, 
1975,  etc. 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Seasonal  effects  —  In  landscape,  1157. 
See  also  Gardens  —  Seasonal  ef- 
fects;     Plantations  —  Seasonal 
effects;      Winter     effects  —  In 
landscape. 

Seats,  Covered,  3483. 
iSee  also  Arbors. 

Seats,  Gardens,  3482-3484. 

Seats,  Park,  6037,  (6337),  (6437). 

Sections,  see  Cross-sections;  Profiles; 
1282. 

Sequence,  in  landscape  composition, 
see  Landscape  composition, 
1121. 

Service  accessories,**  340,5-3424. 

Sei-vice  buildings**  and  structures, 
3100-3149. 
See  also  names  of  buildings  and 
structures  for  service  purposes; 
e.g.,  Bird-houses;  Dovecotes; 
Farm  buildings;  Garages  and 
garage  yards;  Gardener's  yards; 
Gate-lodges;  Greenhouses;  Sta- 
bles and  stableyards;  Water- 
towers;  Windmills. 

Service    courts,     see    Sei-vice     yards. 


Service  gardens,  .see  Gardens,  Service, 
4525-4545. 

Service  roads,  «ee  Roads,  Service,  3628. 

Service  yards,  3132. 

See  also  Garages  and  garage 
yards;  Gardener's  yards;  Laun- 
drj-  yards;  Stables  and  stable- 
yards. 

Sewage  treatment,  3735-3738. 

Sewer-pipes,  3738. 

Sewerage,  3735-3738. 

Shade,  Light  and  —  In  landscape  con- 
position,  see  Light  and  shade  — 
In  landscape  composition,  1 150- 
1154. 

Shade,  Plants  enduring,  see  Plants, 
Shade-enduring,  1988. 

Shade  trees,  see  Trees,  Shade,  2340. 

Shadows  —  In  landscape.  See  Light 
and  shade  —  In  landscape  com- 
position, 1153. 

Shakesperian  gardens,  see  Gardens, 
Shakesperian,  4465.  | 

Shape  —  ///  landscape  composition, 
1137-1138.  I 

126 


Shape  of  plants,  sec  Plants  —  Habit 
and  shape,  1935-(1955),  etc. 

Sheepfolds,  see  Farm  buildings,  3105. 

Shells  (as  material  of  roads  and  paths), 
see  Roads,  Shell,  3610m9. 

Shelters,  see  Pavihons,  shelters,  etc., 
3155. 

Shingle  beaches,  see  Beaches,  1704. 

Shore  planting,  see  Seashore  planting, 
1839;  Waterside  planting,  1838. 

Shore  reservations  and  parks,  6200- 
6219. 
See  also  Bathing  beaches;    Sea- 
shore reservations  and  parks; 
Waterfronts,  Recreational. 

Shore  treatment,  see  Shores,  1665- 
1709;  Shores  —  Siniclural  treat- 
ment, 3250-3265. 

Shores,  1665-1709. 

See  aho  Beaches;    Sea  and  sea- 
shore. 

Shores**  —  Structuraltreatment,  3250- 
3265. 

Show  plans,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Presentation,  1251. 

Shrub  beds,  2423. 


Shrub   gardens, 

4416. 
Shrub  groups. 


;e   Gardens,  Shrub, 

Shrub   beds;  Tree 
and  shrub  groups;    2423. 

Shrub  plantations,  see  Shrub  beds; 
Shrubs;  Tree  and  shrub  groups; 
2405-2429. 

Shrubs,**  2400-2650. 

Shrubs  —  Diseases  and  pests,  see  Trees 
—  Diseases  atid  pests,  1865. 

Shrubs  —  Fruit,  2525. 

Shrubs,  Evergreen,  2507. 

Shrubs,  Specimen,  see  Plants,  Speci- 
men, 2421. 

Shrubby  vines,  see  Vines,  climbers, 
etc.,  2485. 

Signs,  Guide,  in  parks,  etc.,  6037, 
(6337),  (6437). 

Signs,  Road,  see  Road  signs,  3622. 

Silhouette  —  In  landscape  composi- 
tion, 1130. 

Silhouettes,  1272. 

Site,  choice  for  an  estate,  park,  etc.,  see 
Estates    (Private)    — 
4905 ;     Parks  —  Design, 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Size  —  In  landscape  cmnposition,  see 
Scale  —  In  landscape  compo- 
sition, 1140-1141. 

Skating  ponds,  see  Lakes,  ponds,  etc., 
1680-1686;  Skating  rinks,  6593. 

Skating  rinks  (Ice),  6593. 

Sketching,  see  Drawing,  Freehand; 
Drawing,  Landscape;  1251. 

Sky,  clouds,  etc.,  1540-1550. 

See  also  Atmosphere  —  In    land- 
scape composition. 

Slope  steps,  see  Perrons,  3393. 

Slopes,  1784. 

Smoke-enduring  plants,  sec  Plants, 
Smoke-enduring,  2015,  etc. 

Social  customs.  Effect  on  landscape 
design,  see  Landscape  design  — 
Style,  1031. 

Societies  for  landscape  improvement, 
see  Landscape  improvement  — 
Societies,  513. 

Societies  of  cemetery  superintendents, 
etc.,  see  Cemeteries  —  Societies, 
5902. 

Societies  of  landscape  architecture,  see 
Landscape  architecture  —  So- 
cieties, (20)-39. 

Societies  of  park  superintendents, 
park  users,  etc.,  see  Parks  — 
Societies,  6005. 

Societies  of  playgrounds,  see  Play- ' 
grounds  —  Societies,  6505. 

Soil-binding  plants,  see  Ground  cover, 
2050,  etc. 

Soil  improvement,  1853-1854.1. 

Soil  surveys,  1852.7. 

Soils,  1852-1852.7. 

Specifications,  see  Contracts  and  speci- 
fications, 1344. 

Specimen  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Speci- 
men, 4405. 

Specimen  plants,  see  Plants,  Specimen, 
1821,  etc.. 

Splines,  see  Drawing  instruments, 
1251.5. 

Sports  and  games  —  Grounds,  6580- 
6594. 
.See  also  Athletic  fields;  Play- 
grounds; Winter  sports,  Areas 
for;  and  the  names  of  areas  for 
special  sports,  e.g..  Football; 
Field  events,  etc. 


Spraying,  1868.1. 

Spring  gardens,  see  Gardens  —  Sea- 
sonal eifecls.    Spnng,  4392. 

Sprinkling,  see  Watering,  1854.1. 

Stables  and  stableyards,  3105. 

Stadiums,  3198. 

Stairways  (Outdoor),  see  Steps,  3375- 
3395. 

Stanzoni,  see  Orangeries,  3180. 

State  fair  groimds,  «ee  Fair  grounds, 

5650-5675. 
j  State  forests,  see  Forests  and  forestr>-, 
I  State,  6137. 

State  parks,  see  Parks,  State,  6115. 

State  planning,**  8900. 

Statuary,"  3460. 

Stepping  stones,  3646. 

Steps,**  3375-3395. 

See  also  Perrons;   Kamps. 

StUes,  3370. 

See  also  Turnstiles. 

Stone,  3000m5. 

Stone,  Broken  (as  material  of  roads 
and  paths),  see  Roads,  Broken 
stone,  3610m7.5. 

Stone  pavements,  see  Pavements, 
Stone,  3610w5. 

Stones  (in  Japanese  gardens),  see 
Gardens  —  Japan,  4867;  Land- 
scape design  —  Styles.  Japan- 
ese, 245. 

Storm-water  drainage,  see  Drainage, 
Surface,  3740-3743. 

Streams.  1690-1696. 

See  also  Brooks;   Rivers;   Water- 
falls. 

Street  planting,  see  Roadside  i)lant- 
ing,  1848,  2045,  (3609). 

Street  trees,  see  Trees,  Street,  2345. 

Streets,  see  Roads,  3600-3636. 

Structures**  —  In    landscape,    3(XX>- 
3798. 
See    also    Buildings  —  In    land- 
scape; Roads;  etc. 

Stucco,  3000»n2. 

Study  of  landscape  architecture,  see 
Landscape  architecture — Study 
and  leaching;  —  Slitdy  tours;  — 
TrawlUng  fellowships; 


>  If  the  City  Plunning  Classification  is  used. 
Statuary  may  be  divided  (like  ' 
Garden  and  Civic. 


127 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Study  of  landscape  improvement,  see 
Landscape  improvement  — 
Study  and  teaching  {Public 
schools),  548;  Landscape  im- 
provement —  University  ex- 
tension,  515. 
Style**  —  In  landscape  design,  WiO- 

(1049). 
Styles  of  landscape  design,  see  Land- 
scape    architecture  —  History; 
Landscape  design  —  Styles 

(special  subdivisions);  210-249, 
1034-(1049). 
"  Sublime,"  The,  see  Landscape  de- 
sign —  Esthetic  theory;     Land- 
scape effects;  1067. 
Subsurface    drainage,    sec    Diainuge, 

3745-3748. 
Subsurface  utiUties,  3700-3798. 

See  also  Conduits,  Electric;   Gas- 
pipes;      Sewer-pipes;      Water- 
pipes. 
Subtropical  plants,  see   Plants,   Sub- 
tropical, 1983,  etc. 
Suburban   estates,   see   Estates    (Pri- 
vate), Suburban,  4975-4995. 
Suburban  house  lots,  see  Estates  (Pri- 
vate), House-lot,  4925-4945. 
Suburban  houses,  see  Houses,  Subur- 
ban, 3064. 
Succulent  plants,  see  Bedding  plants, 
2794;    Greenhouses  and  house 
plants,  2796-2797. 
Summer  colonies,  4980. 
Summer  hotels  —  Grounds,  see  Hotels 

—  Grounds,  5150-5175. 
■■  Summer  houses,"  see  Arbors,  3160; 
Gazebos,  3153;  Pavilions,  shel- 
ters, etc.,  3155. 
Sundials,  3470. 

Sunk  fences,  see  Fences,  Sunk,  3349. 
Sunk  panels,  see  Panels,  Sunk,  3240. 
Sunken  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Sunken, 

4455. 
Superintendence,  see  Landscape  con- 
struction  and   maintenance  — 
Superintendence,  1355-1357. 
Surface  decoration,  in  landscape  com- 
position,   see   LandscaiJe   com- 
position, 1194. 
Surface  drainage,  see  Drainage,  Sur- 
face, 3740-3743. 


Surveying  (Topographical),  1241. 
Surveying,  Photographic,  1241. 

See  also  Photography. 
Surveying,  Photographic,  Aerial,  1244 

See  also  Photography,  Aerial. 
Swimming  pools,  3449. 
Swimming  pools,  Public,  6532. 
Symmetrical "   styles  of  landscape 
design,  see  Landscape  design  — 
St^jles.     Formal,  1036. 
Symmetry,  in  landscape  composition, 
see     Landscape     composition, 
1124. 


Tables,  Garden,  3486. 
Tanbark    (as   material  of  roads  and 
paths)  of,  see  Roads,  Tanbark, 
3610to9. 
Tar  pavements,  see  Pavements,  Tar, 

3610m6.5. 
Taste,  in  landscape  and  landscape  de- 
sign,  see  Landscape  apprecia- 
tion ;    Landscape  design  —  Es- 
thetic theory;  1020. 
Tea  gardens,  5730-5745. 

See  also  Restaurants,  Outdoor. 
Tea  houses,  3155. 

Teaching  of  landscape  architecture, 
see  Landscape  architecture — 
Study  and  teaching,  900-998. 
Teaching  of  landscape  improvement, 
see  Landscape  improvement  — 
Study  and  teaching  (Public 
schools),  548;  Landscape  im- 
provement —  University  exten- 
sion, 515. 
Telephone  3775-3778. 

See  also  Wires,  Overhead. 
Telford    roads,    see    Roads,    Telford, 

3610m7.5. 
Temples,  Garden,  sec  Pavilions,  shel- 
ters, etc.,  3155. 
Tennis  courts,  3205,  6590. 

.See  also  Backstops  (Tennis,  etc.). 
Terra  cotta,  3000to7. 
Terraced  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Ter- 
raced, 4302. 
Terraces,**  3230-3234. 
Terraces,  House,  3234. 
Texture  —  In   landscape  composition, 
1145. 


128 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Texture  {conlinued). 

See  aUo  Plants  —  Texlure. 

Texture  of  vegetation,  see  Plants  — 
Texture,  1965,  etc. 

Thatch,  3000?h1.S. 

Theaters,  Garden,  3195. 

Theaters,  Outdoor,  3198. 

See  also  Theaters,  Garden. 

Theory  of  landscape  design  (Esthetic, 
or  Economic),  see  Landscape 
desig;n—Econo7nic  theory,  { 1005), 
1608,  1808,  3008;  Landscape 
design — Esthetic  theory,  1010- 
1079. 

Theory  of  landscape  design  (General), 
see  Landscape  design,  1000- 
(1199). 

Thinning  of  plantations,  see  Planta- 
tions • —  Thinning,  2110. 

Tidal  marshes,  see  Marshes,  Salt,  1724. 

Tile  pavements,  see  Pavements,  Tile, 


Tiles,  3000w7. 

Titles  (on  drawings),  1313. 

See  also  Cartouches. 
Tobogganing     grounds,     see     Winter 

sports,  Areas  for,  6593. 
Tools,  Horticultural,  1872-1872.3. 

iSee  also  Lawn  mowers. 
Topiary   gardens,    see   Gardens,    To- 
piary;  Topiary  work;  4412. 
Topiary  work,   1822,   (1955),   (2122), 
(2422). 
See  also  Gardens,  Topiary. 
Topographical  maps,  1241. 

See  also  Surveying  (Topographi- 
cal). 
Topography,  see  Ground  forms  ^/« 

landscape,  1600-1790. 
Topography,  ICfTect  on  landscajic  de- 
sign, see  Landscape  design  — 
Style,  1031. 
Tours  for  study  of  landscape  architec- 
ture,  see   Landscape   architec- 
ture —  Study  tours,  947. 
Towers,  3153. 

<See  also  Pagodas;  Water  towers. 

Town  planning,  seeCity  planning,  7500. 

Tracing,  see  Drawing,  1251. 

Track  and  field  events.  Areas  for,  see 

Field    events,    Areas    for,    6584; 

Running  tracks,  6584. 


Tracks,  see  Race-tracks,  6585;  Run- 
ning tracks,  6584. 

Traffic  considerations,  see  Paths; 
Roads;  3600-(3648). 

Trails,  3636. 

Transplanting,  see  Planting  and  trans- 
planting, 1861. 

Travelling  fellowships  in  landscape 
architecture,  see  Landscape 
architecture  —  Travelling  fel- 
Imvships,  946. 

Tree  and  shrub  groups,  1823,  2123, 
2423. 

Tree  boxes,  pots,  etc.,  3467. 

Tree    cutting    (Landscape    construc- 
tion), 1406. 
.See  also  Plantations  —  Thinning; 
Forests  and  forestry.  Esthetic. 

Tree  gratings,  3420. 

Tree  guards,  3420. 

Tree  moving,  1861. 

Tree  planting,  2150. 

Tree  repair,  1863. 

Trees,"  2100-2350. 

—  Diseases  and  pests,  1865. 

—  Form,  2236. 

—  In  landscape  composition,  2105. 

—  Injuries,  1863. 

■See   also  Tree   repair ;    Trees  — 
Protection  from  damage. 

—  Protection  from  damage,  1406. 

—  Rate  of  growth,  2233. 

—  Representation,  1325. 

—  Seasonal  appearance,  2275-2279. 

(Subdivide:    Spring,   Summer, 
Autumn,  Winter.) 

—  Thinning,      see     Plantations  — 

Thinning,  2110;  Tree  cutting, 

1406. 
Trees,  Deciduous,  2210. 
Trees,  Evergreen,  2207. 
Trees,  Forest,  sec  Forests  and  forestry, 

2350. 
Trees,  Shade,  2340. 

.See  also  Trees,  Street. 
Trees,  Specimen,  «ee  Plants,  Specimen, 

2121. 
Trees,  Street,  2345. 

See  also  Trees,  Shade. 
Trelhses,  treillage,  etc.,  see  Lattices, 

trellises,  treillage,  etc.,  3430n»- 

1.3. 


129 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Tropical  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Tropi- 
cal, 4351. 
Tropical  landscape,  3935. 
Tropical  plants,  see  Plants,  Tropical, 

1982,  etc. 
Tub  plants,  2038,  (2338),  (2638). 
Tudor  style  of  landscape  design,  see 

Landscape        design  —  Styles. 

English    Renmssance.      Tudor. 

Elizabethan,  234. 
Tunnels,**  3550-3564. 
Turf,  3000m9. 

iSee  ako  Grasses;  Lawns;  Panels, 

Turf;  Roads,  Turf. 
Turf  panels,  see  Panels,  Turf,  2736. 
Turnarounds,  3627. 

See  also  Forecourts ;  Roads,  Sei-v- 

ice. 
Turnstiles,  3373. 

Turntables,  see  Turnarounds,  3627. 
Types  of  landscape,  see  Landscape  — 

Types,  3900-3975. 
Types  of  landscape  designs  according 

to  use,  see  Landscape  designs 

—  Types,     according     to     use, 

4000-6800 +. 

U 

Unity  in  landscape  and  landscape  de- 
sign, see  Landscape  composi- 
tion, 1100-1199;  Landscape 
design,  1000-(1090). 

Universities  —  Grounds,  see  Colleges, 
etc.  —  Grounds,  5250-5275. 

University  extension  work  for  land- 
scape improvement,  see  Land- 
scape improvement  —  Univer- 
sity extension,  515. 

Urns,  vases,  etc.,  3465. 

See  also  Flower  pots  and  boxes 
(Ornamental). 

Utilities,  see  Subsurface  utilities; 
Wires;   3700-3798. 


V 

Valleys,  1750. 

Van  Dyke  prints,  see  Reproduction  of 

drawings  —  Prints,  1301. 
Variety,  in  landscape  composition,  see 

Landscape  composition,  1111. 


Vases,  see  Urns,  vases,  etc.,  3465. 
Vegetable  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Vege- 
table, 4525^545. 
Vegetables,  2799. 
Vegetation,  see  Plants;    Plantations; 


Viewpoints,  in  landscape  composition, 

see     Landscape     composition, 

1173. 
Views,  in  landscape  composition,  see 

landscape    composition,    1109, 

1170. 
Village  greens,  see  Commons,  6400- 

6450. 
Villages  —  Planning,  7500. 
Villas,     see    Gardens  — /to?;/,     4803; 

Landscape      design  —  Styles. 

Italian   Renaissance.    Baroque, 

232. 
Vines,    climbers,    etc.,    1885,    (1947), 

2485,  2785. 
Vista  points,  see  Vistas,  1185. 
Vistas,  1185. 
Visual  angle  in  landscape  composition, 

see     Landscape     composition, 

1109. 

W 

Wading  pools,  6532. 

Walks,  see  Paths,  3640-(3648). 

Wall  fountains,  see  Fountains,  Wall, 

3447. 
Wall  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Wall,  4441. 
WaU  plants,  see  Plants,  Rock,  (2003), 

2791. 
Walls,**  3320-3335. 
See  also  Niches. 
WaUs,  Retainmg,  (3260),  3331-3332. 
WaUs,  Sea,  3332. 
War  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Vegetable, 

4525-4545. 
War  memorials,  585. 

iSee  also  Monuments  —  In  ceme- 
teries; Statuary;  etc. 
War  service  of  landscape  architects, 

see    Landscape    architecture — 

War  service,  323. 
Wash  drawing,  see  also  Drawing,  Wash, 

1293-1295. 
Water**  —  In  landscape,  165.5-1696. 


SUBJECT  HEADINGS  AND  INDEX 


Water  —  Ornamental  use,  see  Water 
—  In  landscape,  1660;  Water 
features  (architectural  and 
sculptural),  3445-3452. 

Water    features     (architectural    and 
sculptural),  3445-3452. 
See  also  Fountains;  Pools,  basins, 
etc.;  Water  ramps. 

Water  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Water 
and  waterside,  (4354),  4442. 

Water  parks,  see  Waterfronts,  Recrea- 
tional, 6600-6665. 

Water-pipes,  3728. 

Water  plants,  see  Plants,  Water,  1997, 
etc.,  2792. 

Water  ramps,  3451. 

Water-supply,  3725-3728. 

Water-supply    reservations,  *  *    61 50- 
6172. 
See  also  Reservoirs, 

Water-towers,  3120. 
.See  also  Windmills. 

Watercolor  rendering,  see  Rendering 
in  color,  1295. 

Waterfall  reservations,  6215-6219. 

Waterfalls,  1696. 

.See  also  Cascades  (artificial). 

Waterfronts,**    Recreational,    6600- 
6665. 
See  also  Shore  reservations  and 
parks. 

Watering,  1854.1. 

Watering — Lawns,  1854.1. 

Watering  —  Roads,  3613. 

Watering  troughs,  3419. 

Waterside  estates,  see  Estates,  Water- 
side, 4909. 

Waterside  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Water 
and  waterside,  4354,  4442. 

Waterside  planting,  1838. 

Ways,  see  Roads;  Paths;  etc.;  3600- 
(3648). 

Weeds,  2969. 

Well-heads,  3455. 

Wild  flowers,  see  Plants,  Native  (and 
note),  2777,  2789. 

Wild-garden  plants,  see  Plants,  Wild- 
garden,  (2048),  2789. 
Wild    gardens,    see    Gardens,    Wild, 

4439. 
Wildernesses  (historical  term),  4413. 


Wind  —  In  landscape,  see  Movement 
—  In  landscape  composition, 
1158. 

Wind-enduring  plants,  see  Plants, 
Wind-enduring,  2013,  etc. 

Windbreaks,  2055. 
See  also  Hedges. 

Windmills,  3120. 

.See  also  Water-towers. 

Window-box  plants,  2040,  2795. 

Window  boxes,  3466. 

Window  gardens,  2040,  2796. 

.See  aho  Greenhouse  and  house 
plants;  Window-box  plants. 

Winter  effects  —  //;  landscape,  1157. 
.See  also  Gardens  —  Seasonal  ef- 
fects.     Winter;    Plants  —  Sea- 
sonal appearance.     Winter. 

Winter  protection  of  plants,  see 
P\£in{s— Protection,  1862.3. 

Winter  sports,  .\reas  for,  6293. 
See  also  Skating  rinks  (Ice). 

Wires,"  3715-3718. 

See  also  Conduits,  Electric;  Elec- 
tric power  supply;  Heating; 
Lighting;  Telephone. 

Wires,  Overhead,  3718. 

Women  in  the  profession  of  landscape 
architecture,  see  Landscape 
architecture  —  Professional  op- 
portunities, 324. 

Wood,  3000?»1. 

Wood  interiors,  see  Woodlands,  2145. 

Wood  pavements,  see  Pavements, 
Wood,  3610ml. 

Woodlands,  2145,  3925. 

See  also  Bosquets;  Forest  reser- 
vations; Forests  and  forestrj'. 
Esthetic;   Plants,  Woods. 

■'  Woodroads,"  3632. 

Woods,  see  Woodlands,  2145,  3925. 

Woods  plants,  see  Plants,  Woods, 
1994.5-1995,  etc. 

Y 

Yard  improvement,  565. 

Yards  (Estate,  etc.),  see  Garages  and 
garage  yards,  3130;  Gardener's 
yards,  3138;  Laundry  yards, 
3134;  .Service  yards,  3132; 
Stables  and  stable  yards,  3105. 


131 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Yards  (House),  see  Estates  (Private), 

House-lot,  4925-4945. 
Yearbooks  of  landscape  architecture, 

see  Landscape   architecture  — 

Yearbooks,  15. 


Z 

Zoological     gardens,     see    Zoological 

parks,  5750-5775. 
Zoological  parks,**  5750-5775. 
See  also  Aquariums;   Aviaries. 


132 


